[195] Mallery in _Rep. Bur. Ethnol._ i. p. 370. Cf. also Mallery, _l.c._ x. (1888-89), (Picture-writing of the N.A. Indians). That the pictographic elements to a large extent have been influenced by the manual signs was remarked already in 1836 by Rafinesque. Cf. Brinton, _The Lenape_, p. 152, where the merits and the priority of this peculiar author are vindicated. [196] Groos, _Die Spiele der Menschen_, p. 406. [197] For examples of pictorial art subservient to such purely practical purposes see Mallery, _l.c._ x. pp. 329-375. [198] Im Thurn, _Primitive Games_, pp. 273, 275. [199] Roth, _N.W.C. Queensland Aborigines_, pp. 117, 118. Oldfield (“The Aborigines of Australia,” in _Trans. Ethnol. Soc._ N.S. iii. p. 257) describes a Watchandie pantomime, imitating the proceedings of the white man in hunting whales, and composed by an old native who had some time before visited the coast. [200] Wilson and Felkin, _Uganda_, ii. p. 45. For imitations of the white man in dramatic dances see also Lander, _Clapperton’s Last Expedition_, i. pp. 120, 121; Cook, _Voyage Towards the South Pole_ (2 Voy.), i. p. 368. [201] Cook, _Voyage Towards the South Pole_ (2 Voy.), i. p. 356 (Huaheine). [202] Levertin, _Fars och farsörer_, p. 78, especially the quotation from Chappuy’s “L’avare cornu” (1580). [203] For songs describing the incidents in a travel see Batchelor, _The Ainu_, pp. 123, 124; Chamisso, in Kotzebue’s _Reisen_, iii. p. 67 (Radack); Woods, _Native Tribes_, pp. 38, 39 (Taplin, “The Narrinyeri”); Grey, _Journals_, ii. p. 253; Polack, _New Zealanders_, ii. pp. 167, 168. On current events as subjects of primitive poetry cf. Bonwick, _Tasmanians_, p. 29; Kingsley, _Travels_, p. 66, (Bubis); Curr, _Australian Race_, iii. p. 169 (Mathew, _Mary River Natives_); Metz, _Neilgherry Hills_, p. 30 (Todas); Ahlqvist, _Acta Soc. Scient. Fenn._ xiv. (“Wogulen und Ostjaken”); Day, _Proceedings of the As. Soc._ 1870, p. 157 (Observ. on the Andamanese); Ehrenreich in _Zeitschrift für Ethnologie_, xix. p. 32 (Botokudos); Erman, _Travels in Siberia_, ii. pp. 42, 43 (Ostyak songs and pantomimes). [204] Cf. Bonwick, _Daily Life and Origin of the Tasmanians_, p. 29; Lenz, _Skizzen aus West Afrika_, pp. 110, 111 (Abongos); Schneider, _Die Naturvölker_, ii. p. 235, 236 (Interior Africa). [205] Cf. Eyre, _Expeditions into Central Australia_, ii. p. 240; Cruickshank, _Eighteen Years on the Gold Coast_, ii. p. 266. [206] St. John, _Far East_, i. p. 114 (Kayans of Baram); Petherick, _Egypt_, p. 130 (Hassanyeh Arabs); Mollien, _Travels_, p. 74 (Joloffs). [207] Woods, _l.c._ pp. 38, 39 (Taplin, “The Narrinyeri”). Cf. the solos in the Atiu canoe-song, describing the guns of Captain Cook. Gill, _From Darkness to Light_, p. 263. On the song of the Marshall Islanders describing the ships of the Russian expedition, the dresses of the sailors, etc., see Rienzi, _Océanie_, ii. p. 196.