[381] Spencer, _Descr. Soc._ Division I. Nr. v. p. 30. [382] Cf. Johnston, _British Central Africa_, p. 408. [383] Schurtz, _Das Augenornament_, pp. 49, 54. [384] Cf. p. 217 in the preceding. [385] Mathews in _Journ. Anthr. Inst._ xxiv. p. 424. [386] Fritsch, _Die Eingeborenen Süd-Afrikas_, p. 140. [387] Johnston, _British Central Africa_, p. 408. [388] Kidd, _Social Evolution_, p. 279; cf. Spencer, _Principles of Sociology_, i. pp. 88, 89. [389] Johnstone, _Maoria_, p. 43. [390] Cf. Burton, _Mission to Gelele_, i. pp. 46, 51, 210, 267, 382; ii. p. 10; Forbes, _Dahomey_, i. p. 24. [391] Woods, _Native Tribes_, p. 37 (Taplin, “The Narrinyeri”). [392] Burton, _Mission to Gelele_, i. pp. 149, 150; Acosta, _History of the Indies_, ii. p. 444. For European trade dances see, _e.g._, Böhme, _Tanz in Deutschland_, i. pp. 63 _sq._, 209. [393] Féré, _Sensation et mouvement_, p. 4. [394] Cf. Spencer, _Principles of Sociology_, i. p. 48. [395] Rengger, _Saeugethiere von Paraguay_, p. 12. [396] Cf. the facts adduced by Rengger, _l.c._ p. 11. [397] Salvado, _Voyage en Australie_, pp. 182, 183. [398] As regards the general psychology of musical and poetical exhortation to work cf. Chardin, _Voyages_, i. p. 160, quoted in Bücher’s _Arbeit und Rhythmus_, pp. 48, 367. For typical instances see Reade, _The African Sketch Book_, ii. p. 313 (Krumen); Wissman, _Unter deutschen Flagge_, p. 43 (West African Carriers); Burton, _Lake Regions_, ii. p. 291 (East Africa); Grove, _Dancing_, p. 16 (Egypt); Turner, _Nineteen Years in Polynesia_, pp. 317, 345; Lewin, _Wild Races_, p. 271 (Lhoosai); Thomson, _New Zealand_, i. p. 167; Dieffenbach, _New Zealand_, ii. p. 57. [399] Cf. The satirical and erotic boat songs of the Gold Coast Negroes—Winterbottom, _Africans of Sierra Leone_, i. p. 112, and the historical and erotic ploughing songs of the ancient Peruvians—Markham, _Ollanta_, pp. 1, 2. [400] A collection of such working songs from among various civilised nations has been brought together by Professor Bücher in his _Arbeit und Rhythmus_. [401] Cf. _e.g._ the interesting chapter on mill songs in Bücher’s above-mentioned work. As an addendum to this collection we may adduce the corn-grinding song of the Mapuché women—Smith, _The Araucanians_, p. 306. [402] Noiré, _Der Ursprung der Sprache_, pp. 331 _sq._ [403] Cf. _e.g._ Lenz, _Skizzen aus Westafrica_, pp. 198, 199, on the exciting effects exercised by tam-tam music on the Okandes. [404] See the boat-building songs of the Hervey Islanders (Gill, _South Pacific_, p. 22), which form so striking an analogy to the magical “Runos” of the old Finns. Cf. also Mason, _Origins of Invention_, p. 150 (Maoris). [405] Lagrange, _Physiologie des exercises du corps_, pp. 32-35; Souriau, _L’esthétique du movement_, pp. 58, 59. [406] Féré, _Sensation et mouvement_, p. 12.