[407] Cf. the dynamogenic experiments of Féré, _Sensation et mouvement_, pp. 13, 14, and the remarks of Schmidkunz, _Psychologie der Suggestion_, p. 222. [408] Bücher, _Arbeit und Rhythmus_, p. 261; Polack, _New Zealanders_, i. p. 222; ii. pp. 31-32 (on the chiefs who, standing up in the canoes, direct the rowing with help of their spear-truncheons); Kollman, _The Victoria Nyanza_, p. 164 (Ussukuma). [409] Cf. pp. 87-91 in the preceding. [410] Spencer, _Principles of Sociology_, ii. pp. 271, 272. [411] Laing, _Travels_, pp. 252, 253; Brenner, _Kannibalen Sumatras_, p. 258; Shortland, _Traditions and Superstitions of the New Zealanders_, pp. 140, 144, 145, 150. [412] Vodskov, _Sjæledyrkelse og Naturdyrkelse_, pp. lxxix.-lxxxi.; Ratzel, _Völkerkunde, I. Einleitung_, p. 89. [413] On songs and dances connected with boating see Muller, _Industrie des Cafres_, p. 47; Burton, _Gorilla Land_, i. pp. 166, 167; Spencer, _Descr. Soc._ Div. i. Nr. 3, p. 62 (Javanese); Angas, _Savage Life_, i. p. 102 (Australia, canoe dance of the Rufus); Smyth, _Victoria_, i. pp. 174, 175 (Australian canoe dance); Rienzi, _Océanie_, iii. p. 159 (New Zealand), and the facts collected by Bücher, _Arbeit und Rhythmus_, pp. 180-191. [414] Bücher, _l.c._ pp. 200-202. [415] Spencer, _Principles of Sociology_, i. pp. 553-555, 567-574. [416] Mitchell, _The Past in the Present_, p. 192; Groos, _Die Spiele der Menschen_, pp. 435, 437. [417] Cf. Wallaschek in _International Congress of Psychology_, 2nd Session, p. 75. [418] Cf. _e.g._ Lafitau, _Mœurs des sauvages_, i. p. 522 (“Les Iroquois, et les autres sauvages leurs voisins”); Powers, _Tribes of California_, p. 29 (Karok). [419] Cf. Forbes, _Dahomey_, ii. p. 61. Mr. Forbes’s admiration for the discipline and order displayed in the mass movements will be well understood by all who witnessed the Dahomeyan dances performed at the Crystal Palace in the summer season 1893. [420] Thomson, _New Zealand_, i. pp. 126, 127; Earle, _New Zealand_, p. 70; Mundy, _Our Antipodes_, pp. 129, 183; Shortland, _Trad. and Superst. of the New Zealanders_, pp. 150-152. [421] Cruise, _New Zealand_, pp. 30, 31. [422] Bidwill, _Rambles in New Zealand_, pp. 81, 82. [423] On ensemble and exact time in dancing cf. Cook, (1st) _Voyage_, pp. 206-208 (Tahiti); (3rd) _Voyage_, i. p. 188 (Wateoo), pp. 247, 248, 255 (Hapaee); Ellis, _Pol. Res._ i. p. 215; Marques in _Boletim_, etc., viii. p. 59 (Samoa); Reeves, _Brown Men and Women_, p. 158 (Samoa); Williams, _Fiji_, p. 142; Kleinschmidt in _Journ. d. Mus. Godeffroy_, xiv. p. 268 (Fiji); Lütke, _Voyage_, i. p. 383 (Ualan. Caroline Islands); Tetens and Kubary in _Journ. d. Mus. Godeffroy_, ii. p. 23 (Yap, Caroline Islands); Hernsheim, _Sudsee-Erinnerungen_, p. 34 (Yap).