[433] Heckewelder, _Hist. of the Indian Nations_, p. 209; Schoolcraft, _Information_ ii. p. 59 (N.A. Indians in general); v. pp. 526, 684 (Chippewas and Comanches); Morgan, _Iroquois_, pp. 268, 339; Burton, _City of the Saints_, p. 177 (Prairie Indians); Casalis, _The Basutos_, pp. 334, 335; Czervinski, _Geschichte des Tanzes_, pp. 251, 252 (Hungary). [434] Joest, _Weltfahrten_, ii. pp. 160, 161. On a similar institution among the Negroes see Mantegazza, _Physiologie des Hasses_, p. 318. [435] Grey, _Journals_, ii. p. 303; cf. also Calvert, _Western Australia_, p. 32; Salvado, _Voyage_, p. 182. [436] Sproat, _Scenes and Studies_, p. 190. [437] Cf. especially the quotations from Dupuis in Spencer, _Descr. Soc._ Division I. Nr. 4, p. 47 (Ashantis); Ellis, _Pol. Res._ i. p. 287 (Tahiti); Cook, (1st) _Voyage_, p. 344 (New Zealand). [438] Dobrizhoffer, _The Abipones_, ii. pp. 366, 367, 422-424, 427; Thomson, _New Zealand_, i. pp. 126, 169. [439] Dobrizhoffer, _l.c._ pages adduced above; Steinen, _Durch Central-Brazilien_, p. 175, cf. also p. 165. [440] Cf. Dobrizhoffer, _l.c._ ii. pp. 376, 385 _sq._ [441] Cf. Ellis, _Pol. Res._ i. p. 286 (Tahiti); Spencer, _Descr. Soc._ Division I. Nr. 3, p. 15 (Fiji); Thomson, _New Zealand_, i. p. 128; Pritchard, _Pol. Rem._ p. 56; Wood, _Nat. Hist. of Man_, ii. pp. 58, 59, 280, 356 (Australia, Fiji, Samoa). How great a part of the boastful expressions of contempt for the enemy plays in the warfare of the American tribes can be seen from Heriot, _Travels_, p. 449 (Iroquois). Cf. also Eyre, _Expeditions into Central Australia_, ii. p. 224; Schweinfurth, _Im Herzen von Afrika_, ii. p. 25 (Niam Niam); Shooter, _The Kafirs_, pp. 197-199; Wood, _Nat. Hist. of Man_, i. p. 581 (Cammas). [442] Wood, _Nat. Hist. of Man_, i. p. 581. A typical and instructive example of undangerous warfare on the Marshall Islands is described by Finsch in _Ethnologische Erfahrungen_, p. 392. [443] Bidwill, _Rambles in New Zealand_, p. 81; cf. Cook, (3rd) _Voyage_, pp. 161, 162. [444] (Maning), _Old New Zealand_, p. 49; Polack, _New Zealanders_, i. p. 88; ii. pp, 166, 167. [445] Polack, _l.c._ i. p. 28. [446] Richardson, _Arctic Expedition_, i. p. 356; Bancroft, _Native Races_, i. p. 68. [447] Angas, _Savage Life_, ii. pp. 149, 150; Wood, _Nat. Hist. of Man_, ii. pp. 161, 162. [448] Macpherson, _Memorials of Service in India_, p. 79. [449] Cf. Grosse, _Anfänge der Kunst_, pp. 58-60. [450] Wuttke, _Geschichte der Schrift_, p. 74, quoting Silius Italicus, Aelianus, and Valerius Maximus. Further quotations adduced in Farrer, _Military Manners and Customs_, pp. 222-224. Cf. also Letourneau, _La guerre_, p. 153. [451] Cf. the remarks of Wood in _Nat. Hist. of Man_, ii. p. 599. [452] Clavigero, _The History of Mexico_, i. p. 371.