In purely scientific matters I have benefited much from discussions with students of psychology and sociology in my own country as well as in England. My thanks are due to all of them, but especially to my old friends, Dr. Edward Westermarck and Dr. Richard Wallaschek. The “List of Authorities quoted” and the Indexes have been compiled by my wife. This is, however, only the least important part of the assistance which throughout the book has been rendered to me by the constant collaborator in all my researches. Y. H. HELSINGFORS, _August 1900_. CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGE THE PROBLEM STATED 1 CHAPTER II THE ART-IMPULSE 18 CHAPTER III THE FEELING-TONE OF SENSATION 30 CHAPTER IV THE EMOTIONS 43 CHAPTER V THE ENJOYMENT OF PAIN 56 CHAPTER VI SOCIAL EXPRESSION 72 CHAPTER VII DEDUCTION OF ART-FORMS 86 CHAPTER VIII ART THE RELIEVER 102 CHAPTER IX THE WORK OF ART 111 CHAPTER X OBJECTIONS AND ANSWERS 134 CHAPTER XI THE CONCRETE ORIGINS OF ART 143 CHAPTER XII ART AND INFORMATION 149 CHAPTER XIII HISTORICAL ART 164 CHAPTER XIV ANIMAL DISPLAY 186 CHAPTER XV ART AND SEXUAL SELECTION 203 CHAPTER XVI THE ORIGINS OF SELF-DECORATION 214 CHAPTER XVII EROTIC ART 228 CHAPTER XVIII ART AND WORK 249 CHAPTER XIX ART AND WAR 261 CHAPTER XX ART AND MAGIC 278 CHAPTER XXI CONCLUSIONS 298 LIST OF AUTHORITIES QUOTED 307 INDEX OF AUTHORS 323 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 328 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM STATED