Natural history -- Scotland -- Orkney; Orkney (Scotland) -- Description and travel; Orkney (Scotland) -- History
It is only when they are covered by the water, however, that they deserve
the name of anemone, for then they open out like a bud and spread out
circles of leaf-like projections, much as an opening daisy or dandelion
does. They usually remain open during the whole time that the tide is
up; when the water goes back again these leaves all curl in towards the
middle of the anemone and are folded up inside, leaving only a little
dimple on the top to indicate where they have disappeared.
Sea-anemones, however, are by no means flowers. Their jelly-like
consistency and their habits would lead us to classify them as animals,
and this they undoubtedly are. Though they seem to be rooted to one spot,
and to open and close like a plant, their real habits are those of an
animal. As a matter of fact, they are carnivorous animals; they first
kill their victims by poisoning them, and afterwards devour them. If they
had the power of moving rapidly in pursuit of prey, they would be as
deadly to the general population of the beach as are the most venomous
snakes to the creatures on land. As it is, they account for a very
considerable number of the beach inhabitants by simply lying in wait and
grasping the little animals that happen to stray within their reach.
[Illustration: _Sea-anemones._]
The beautiful circles of leaflets which we see so regularly arranged are
really active grasping tentacles, armed with whole batteries of little
poisonous stings. With these tentacles they seize hold of any little
creature, such as a “sholtie” or a young crab, that happens to move
over them. The poor animal is held fast in spite of all its struggles,
tentacle after tentacle is brought up by the anemone to grasp it, while
hundreds of fine stinging darts discharge into it their poison, and
the victim, its struggles gradually becoming more and more feeble, is
ultimately drawn into the centre of the animal, where lie its mouth and
its stomach. Then the tentacles are all closed in over the prey, and
remain thus closed for a time—a day or several days, according to the
size of the animal caught. During this time the process of digestion is
going on, and when it is completed the skeleton and useless parts of the
animal are discharged by the same opening as that by which it was taken
in, and the anemone once more spreads its tentacles to wait for its next
victim.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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