Natural history -- Scotland -- Orkney; Orkney (Scotland) -- Description and travel; Orkney (Scotland) -- History
It is not only living animals that the anemone will devour. Anything of
animal nature, dead or alive, is grist to its mill; and though it has
no eyes, it can quite well distinguish what is good for food. A waving
branch of seaweed borne towards it by currents in the water is quite
ignored, while a bit of flesh is never allowed to come in contact with
the tentacles without an effort being made to secure it. By some natural
power, whether by the sense of smell or of taste or by some other sense
unknown to us, the creature distinguishes unfailingly what it needs. It
is great fun to feed it with small portions of limpet or of whelk, and by
doing so one can see exactly how the process of feeding is carried on.
One might imagine that the anemone would easily fall a prey to larger
and stronger animals. It has no hard skin or shell to protect it, and
its beautiful jelly-like appearance would suggest to any hungry fish or
crab that it is not only easy to demolish but would form a juicy morsel.
Yet it does not seem to be in any danger from such enemies. I was once
amusing myself by throwing little pieces of bait into the sea among a
crowd of sillocks. Along with the bait, which consisted of limpet and
fish, I threw in a morsel of one of these red anemones. A bold young
sillock immediately snapped it up. Then something seemed to go wrong, for
the poor young fish suddenly shot the anemone out of its mouth and swam
off without so much as looking at the other bait which I threw all round
about it. The piece of anemone was less palatable than it looked.
Strangely enough an anemone is not much inconvenienced by being cut into
bits. The individual pieces if put into the sea again close up and grow
into new animals. No doubt the piece which the sillock swallowed was
fully alive, and stung the mouth and throat of its captor so severely
that the fish was only too glad to be rid of it.
All anemones are not red in colour like those of which we have been
speaking. There is a great number of different kinds of these creatures
round our shores, but most of them are only to be found by careful
searching. Some are found in rock-pools; these are generally coloured
more or less like the seaweeds in the pools. Others are found only in
dark places; under large stones or boulders near low-water mark they grow
in all attitudes—upright, sideways, and upside down—attached by their
base to the surface of the stone. The greatest variety of them I ever saw
was found among the stones of a little jetty or pier, which was being
taken down to make room for a larger pier. The under surface and the
sides of the stones on this pier were simply covered with anemones of all
sizes, shapes, and colours.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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