Produced by Irma Spehar, Jennifer Linklater and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) THE ORNITHOLOGY OF SHAKESPEARE. [Illustration: WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE From the Chandos Portrait] THE ORNITHOLOGY OF SHAKESPEARE. CRITICALLY EXAMINED, EXPLAINED, AND ILLUSTRATED. BY JAMES EDMUND HARTING, F.L.S., F.Z.S., MEMBER OF THE BRITISH ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION, AUTHOR OF “THE BIRDS OF MIDDLESEX,” ETC., ETC. [Illustration: Publisher's Logo] LONDON: JOHN VAN VOORST, PATERNOSTER ROW. MDCCCLXXI. LONDON: PRINTED BY WOODFALL AND KINDER, MILFORD LANE, STRAND, W.C. PREFACE. Of no other author, perhaps, has more been written than of Shakespeare. Yet whatever other knowledge his commentators professed, few of them appear to have been naturalists, and none, so far as I am aware, have examined his knowledge of Ornithology. An inquiry upon this subject, undertaken in the first instance for my own amusement, has resulted in the bringing together of so much that is curious and entertaining, that to the long list of books already published about Shakespeare, I have been bold enough to add yet another. In so doing, I venture to hope that the reader may so far appreciate the result of my labour as not to consider it superfluous. As regards the treatment of the subject, a word or two of explanation seems necessary. In 1866, from the notes I had then collected, I contributed a series of articles on the birds of Shakespeare to _The Zoologist_. In these articles, I referred only to such birds as have a claim to be considered British, and omitted all notice of domesticated species. I had not then considered any special arrangement or grouping, but noticed each species _seriatim_ in the order adopted by Mr. Yarrell in his excellent “History of British Birds.” Since that date, I have collected so much additional information on the subject, that, instead of eighty pages (the extent of my first publication), three hundred have now passed through the printers’ hands. With this large accession of material, it was found absolutely necessary to re-arrange and re-write the whole. The birds therefore have been now divided into certain natural groups, including the foreign and domesticated species, to each of which groups a chapter has been devoted; and I have thought it desirable to give, by way of introduction, a sketch of Shakespeare’s general knowledge of natural history and acquaintance with field-sports, as bearing more or less directly on his special knowledge of Ornithology, which I propose chiefly to consider.