[51] In fact, it may be said that the great discoveries displaced approximately only about one-third of the traffic along the old routes through the Levant. Except for the precious metals, the Cape route finally took practically all of the through exchanges between southern and eastern Asia and western Europe. But the ‘short haul’ trade between western Europe and the Moslem lands and between the Moslem lands and India nearly all passed as before. Masson says, p. ii, note 1, that about 1682 the Levant trade of England and Holland was almost equally important with their East Indian trade, while that of France was her most extensive foreign trade. For the new trade in Arabian coffee, see _ibid._, 410; Blancard, p. 82 (the coffee that was carried round Africa was damaged on the long voyage); Olivier, iii. 326. Silks and other Persian products were brought across Turkey by caravan to Mediterranean ports; Berchet, 15; Masson, _op. cit._, and Savary,_ passim_; Olivier, v. 320. [52] Masson, p. 543. [53] Blancard, pp. 520 ff. [54] Blancard, pp. 525, 526, estimates 17-1/2 months for the round trip via Suez and 20 months via the Cape. [55] Heyd, _Commerce de Levant_, ii. 552. End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Ottoman Turks and the Routes of Oriental Trade, by Albert H. Lybyer