Semitic nomads of the Arabian desert seem also to have had a heliolithic stage. § 5 It may clear up the necessarily rather confused discussion of this chapter to give a summary of the views expressed here in a diagram. This, on page 149, should be compared later with the language diagram on page 155. We have put the Australoids as a Negroid branch, but many authorities would set back the Australoid stem closer to the Tasmanian, and there may even be sound reasons for transferring both Australoids and Tasmanians as separate branches to the left of the “Later Palæolithic Races.” To avoid crowding we have omitted the Hairy Ainu. They may be the last vestiges of an ancient primitive Pre-Nordic Pre-Mongolian strain from which the Nordic races are descended. [Illustration: A Diagrammatic Summary of Current Ideas of the RELATIONSHIP of HUMAN RACES (It must be borne in mind that human races interbreed freely.)] XIV THE LANGUAGES OF MANKIND § 1. _No one Primitive Language._ § 2. _The Aryan Languages._ § 3. _The Semitic Languages._ § 4. _The Hamitic Languages._ § 5. _The Ural Altaic Languages._ § 6. _The Chinese Languages._ § 7. _Other Language Groups._ § 8. _Submerged and Lost Languages._ § 9. _How Languages may be Related._ § 1 It is improbable that there was ever such a thing as a common human language. We know nothing of the language of Palæolithic man; we do not even know whether Palæolithic man talked freely. We know that Palæolithic man had a keen sense of form and attitude, because of his drawings; and it has been suggested that he communicated his ideas very largely by gesture. Probably such words as the earlier men used were mainly cries of alarm or passion or names for concrete things, and in many cases they were probably imitative sounds made by or associated with the things named.[78]