I have endeavoured to show how the conduct of the soldiers of the Queen, British and Indian, helped the civil administration to establish peace. I believe, as I have said, that our work has been successful. The credit, let us remember, is due quite as much to India as to Britain. How long would it have taken to subjugate and pacify Burma if we had not been able to get the help of the fighting-men from India, and what would have been the cost in men and money? For the Burmans themselves I, in common with all who have been associated with them, have a sincere affection. Many of them assisted us from the first, and from the Upper Burmans many loyal and capable gentlemen are now helping to govern their country justly and efficiently. It has been brought home to me in making this rough record how many of those who took part in this campaign against disorder have laid down their lives. I hope I may have helped to do honour to their memories. I have to thank all the kind friends who have sent me photographs to illustrate this book, and especially Sir Harvey Adamson, the present Lieutenant-Governor, for his kindness in making my wants known. C. H. C. _February, 1912._ CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. THE ADMINISTRATION OF BURMA 1 II. THE CHIEF COMMISSIONERSHIP OF BURMA 19 III. UPPER BURMA 30 IV. MANDALAY 37 V. DEALING WITH DACOITS 60 VI. CIVIL AND MILITARY WORKS 66 VII. A VISIT TO BHAMO 74 VIII. DISARMAMENT 80 IX. TROUBLE WITH THE WUNTHO SAWBWA 90 X. MILITARY REPLACED BY POLICE 95 XI. BURMA BECOMES A FRONTIER PROVINCE 100 XII. DACOITY IN THE MINBU AND MYINGYAN DISTRICTS 107 XIII. TROUBLE IN THE MAGWÈ DISTRICT 115 XIV. GRADUAL CREATION OF AN EFFICIENT POLICE FORCE 128 XV. THE SHAN STATES 133 XVI. THE SHAN STATES (_continued_) 160 XVII. THE KARENNIS, OR RED KARENS, AND SAWLAPAW 188 XVIII. THE TRANS-SALWEEN STATES 209 XIX. BHAMO AND MOGAUNG 234 XX. BHAMO, THE SOUTHERN TOWNSHIPS, AND MÖNG MIT 268 XXI. THE CHINS 287 XXII. THE CHIN-LUSHAI CAMPAIGN 308 XXIII. INTERNAL ADMINISTRATION OF BURMA 337 INDEX 343 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS