Accordingly, in the year 1585, he sent out Sir Richard Grenville with
one hundred and eight men, and on Roanoke Island a little colony was
established. Ralph Lane was left in charge of the party, and Grenville
sailed for home, hoping for the best but fearing the worst. Unhappily
the wrong sort of men had been sent out—soft-handed gentlemen who could
not dig, and were ashamed to beg. Before long there were bitter quarrels
in the little hive between the drones and the workers, food ran short,
and the colonists were on the verge of starvation.
In the next year Drake touched at Roanoke after his attack on Cartagena,
and seeing what a helpless, shiftless crew the colonists were, he
carried them all back to England save fifteen. The colony had thus
proved a costly failure, but the experiment was notable, because it was
the first attempt to found a greater Britain beyond the seas. He who
writes the history of British expansion must never forget to give
Raleigh a foremost place in the roll of Empire-makers.
One of the immediate results of the voyage was the introduction into
this country of the potato and the tobacco plant. Raleigh grew potatoes
in his garden at Youghal, and thus gave Ireland the staple food of her
peasantry. According to an old story, he was the first man to smoke
tobacco in England. It is said that his servant, seeing volumes of smoke
issuing from his mouth, concluded that he was on fire, and promptly
poured a bucket of water over him, thus effectually putting out his
pipe.
A second attempt to found a colony on Roanoke Island failed, and Raleigh
was terribly disappointed. He could do no more; so in 1589, the year
after he helped to repel the Armada, he disposed of his rights to a
company of merchants, who made no attempt to found a new colony on the
ruins of the old. Thus the sixteenth century came to an end, and England
had no colony of any kind in America.
In the year 1592 Raleigh fell into disgrace with his royal mistress. She
discovered that the man she had delighted to honour and enrich had
actually dared to love one of her maids of honour. An excuse was
speedily found by the jealous queen for sending Raleigh and his
lady-love, Elizabeth Throgmorton, to the Tower. At length, however, the
queen relented and restored Raleigh to liberty, but forbade him the
court. The lovers were married and settled at Sherborne, where Raleigh
busied himself in erecting a magnificent mansion and laying out its
grounds with great taste.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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