[11-1] P. D. Harrison, _The Stars and Stripes,_ Boston, 1906, p. 24; _ibid.,_ p. 23: "The Taunton flag was the regular English [Great Britain's] flag, adopted by the union of the aforesaid crosses upon a red field. Its significance lay in its motto, signifying that there was at that time no thought of severance from the mother country, their only thought being liberty of action; and it has historic value because it was the first to wave with that motto." [11-2] Woodrow Wilson, _Mere Literature,_ Boston, 1900, p. 105. [12-1] A. L. Burt, _Imperial Architects,_ Oxford, 1913, p. 60. Henry VIII. above should read Edward III. After the battle of Crecy he besieged Calais in 1346. _Cf._ C.A.W. Pownall, _Thomas Pownall,_ London, 1908, p. 204, who refers to the same ideas as above, quoted from the 4th edition (1768) of Thomas Pownall's _The Administration of the Colonies._ For maps of these four historical areas, see W. R. Shepherd, _Historical Atlas,_ Boston, 1911, pp. 74 and 84. [14-1] For a definition of grades of government of dependencies of Britannic nations, see _An Analysis of the System of Government throughout the British Empire,_ London, 1912, pp. 59-61. [14-2] _Round Table,_ London, September 1913, p. 697: "It is not true that she [_Malaya_] was offered as the result of pressure by the British Government. She owes her existence partly to the imagination of the Colonial Secretary in the Malay States, who would by general agreement have been well advised to keep his visions to himself instead of communicating them even to sympathetic chiefs, but the Government in the 'Malay States certainly received no suggestion on the subject from the Colonial Office.'" [15-1] _Ency. Brit_., vol. iv. p. 606. "_Ency. Brit._" in this and subsequent notes refers to _Encyclopedia Britannica_, Eleventh Edition, Cambridge, England, 1910. Also _Empire Movement (Non-Party, Non-Sectarian, Non-Aggressive, and Non-Racial_), London, 1913; Leaflet 19, _Shorter Catechism_: "The British Empire is that portion of the Earth's land surface which is subject to the authority of King George." [15-2] J. R. Seeley, _The Expansion of England,_ London, 1883, p. 46: "The English Empire is on the whole free from that weakness which has brought down most empires, the weakness of being a mere mechanical forced union of alien nationalities. . . . the English Empire in the main and broadly may be said to be English throughout." [15-3] _Cf._ G.R. Parkin, _Imperial Federation_, London, 1892, p. 248: "Unquestionably confusion of thought is caused by the careless use of the term Empire into which English people have fallen. Applied to India and the crown colonies it is admissible, . . . As a name for the 'slowly grown and crowned Republic' of which the mother-land is the type and the great self-governing colonies copies, the term Empire is a misnomer, . . ."