To Benjamin Franklin may be given the credit of initiating the thesis of these pages, for he foresaw in 1754 the need of a single government based on the representation of both the American and British groups of self-governing English-speaking people. Possibly there were others before him. Certainly there have been many since. Some have been obscured by time. Others, like Cecil John Rhodes, stand out brilliantly. These men visioned the whole race without losing sight of their own local fragment. They saw the need of blocking intra-race frictions in order to maintain our inter-race supremacy. They spoke the English language, and held by the ideals of English-speaking men--proud of their race. To such as these, wherever they are found, owing affection to the British and American flags which they protect, and which protect them from others, this discussion is addressed. It is a family appeal in terms familiar to the family here called--the Pan-Angles. SINCLAIR KENNEDY. BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. _January_ 17, 1914. [vii-1] Cf. _Round Table_, London, May 1911, p. 247. [vii-2] _Round Table_, London, November 1910, p. 27: "Directly the British Empire is doubtful of its supremacy by sea its full liberty will disappear, even if there has been no war." [viii-1] _United Empire_, London, January 1914, J. G. Lockhart, "The Meaning of British Imperialism," p. 53. {x} {xi} CONTENTS FOREWORD vii I. THE CIVILIZATION 1 II. THE PEOPLE 21 III. INDIVIDUALISM 47 IV. THE SEVEN NATIONS 79 V. GOVERNMENTAL PRACTICES 94 VI. DANGERS 120 VII. TENDENCIES 160 VIII. A COMMON GOVERNMENT 184 IX. WORKING FOR FEDERATION 206 X. CONCLUSION 227 INDEX 237 MAP _At the end of the volume_ {x} {1} THE PAN-ANGLES I THE CIVILIZATION A GREAT civilization has spread over the earth. Many millions of people believe it the best that has yet appeared. In it the faiths and strivings of a strong race are expressed. History teaches that it will be assailed by rival civilizations. Must it fall and its people be led into the bondage of alien ways? The date at which a civilization begins must always be unknown, so slowly and steadily do the contributing forces operate. The birth of even so definite an organization as a nation is a matter of opinion. The United States of America, for example, may be regarded as having come into being on July 4, 1776, or at the adoption of the Constitution in 1789, or at the end of the French War in 1763, or on anyone of various other dates, according to the historical bias of the chronicler. But before records now legible to us were made, the Pan-Angles were long past their beginning stages.