[Illustration: DUNCAN E. McKINLAY Who as a Member of Congress Visited the Canal with the Interstate Committee of the House.] [Illustration: THE BIG FOUR OF THE PANAMA CANAL--President William McKinley, President William H. Taft, President Theodore Roosevelt and Colonel G. W. Goethals.] THE PANAMA CANAL DUNCAN E. McKINLAY 1912 WHITAKER & RAY-WIGGIN CO. SAN FRANCISCO COPYRIGHT BY WHITAKER & RAY-WIGGIN CO. 1912 DEDICATED TO PRESIDENT WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT BY THE AUTHOR. THE PANAMA CANAL Of all subjects now occupying the attention of the world at large, and of importance not only to the State of California, but to all the territory west of the Rocky mountains and the islands and coasts of the Pacific Ocean, over which the American flag floats in sovereignty, none is paramount to the construction of the Panama Canal. The completion of the canal, while a world event, will, of course, be of peculiar significance and importance to that portion of the globe which borders on the Pacific Ocean. Countries, islands, coasts and States that for centuries have been isolated and far distant by water routes from the centers of population of Europe and Eastern United States, will be brought thousands of miles nearer to, and consequently, into more intimate social, industrial and business relations with the more highly organized governments of Europe and America. In effect, the opening of the canal in 1915 to the commerce and trade of the world will be the realization of the dream of Columbus, who sailed across the Atlantic in 1492 to discover a shorter water route between Europe and Asia, and the fulfillment of the prophecy of Baron von Humboldt, who, between the years of 1799 and 1805, explored and surveyed a great portion of Central and South America. Humboldt, as a result of his explorations, predicted that within a reasonable period of time the two largest oceans of the world, the Atlantic and the Pacific, would be united by an artificial water-way. This water-way, in his opinion, as expressed in a letter to his friend, the German poet Goethe, would be constructed by the little republic at the north, the United States, even then beginning to take an important place among the powers of the world.