-----------------------------+--------+--------------------------- | Men | Excavation and Dredging | 12,359 | Major D.D. Gaillard Locks and Dams | 9,340 | Major Wm. L. Sibert Machinery and Buildings[26] | 2,164 | H.H. Rouseau, U.S.N. Labour, Subsistence, and } | | Quarters } | 2,048 | Jackson Smith (resigned) Material and Supplies | 1,220 | W.G. Tubby Sanitation | 2,449 | Colonel W.C. Gorgas Civil Administration | 451 | J.C.S. Blackburn Panama Railroad | 6,619 | W.G. Bierd -----------------------------+--------+--------------------------- [26] Now merged in other departments. [Illustration: STEAM SHOVEL AT CULEBRA.] [Illustration: SHOVEL-MEN AT CULEBRA.] Technically the Panama Railroad is not a department, but practically the construction of the Canal and the reconstruction of the Railroad are worked as parts of a single scheme. In addition to the above are some smaller divisions, reporting directly to the Chairman, such as that of Accounts. The office of the Purchasing Officer is situate in Washington, practically all the supplies being obtained in the United States. This officer also reports to the Chairman resident on the Zone. The numbers given above are subject to continual fluctuation, and are quoted more for the purpose of showing the general proportions of the different parts of the undertaking than to give an exact total of the force employed. Some account has already been given of the activities of the men employed on excavation, on locks and dams, and on the railway. Those entered under the Department of Machinery and Buildings are charged not only with this work in the Zone, but also with the paving and other improvements in the cities of Colon and Panama. The Department of Sanitation also undertakes the hygiene of these two cities, no small part of its responsibilities. The Republic of Panama provides the cities with police, who are Panamanians. The police force of the Isthmian Canal Commission (Department of Civil Administration) numbers 200, of whom 88 are the West Indians already mentioned and the remainder white Americans. The force is numerically small, but the power to deport all undesirable persons is of great assistance. Moreover, as the Zone is practically inaccessible except from the ports of Colon and Panama, a fairly complete watch can be kept on all entries. After making due allowance for all these advantages, however, one cannot but be impressed, not only by the order, but by the respectability of the Isthmus, which is singularly free from anything unseemly. A scattered force of 200 would be insufficient to deal with tumult among so large a population of men, but there is maintained at Obispo, a central point, a force of about 350 United States Marines.