~Shahpur~ is also a very large district with the three _tahsils_ of Bhera, Shahpur, and Sargodha in the Jech Doab, and on the west of the Jhelam the huge Khushab _tahsil_, which in size exceeds the other three put together. The principal tribes are Jats Cis-Jhelam, Awans in the Salt Range, and Jats and Tiwanas in Khushab. The Tiwana Maliks have large estates on both sides of the river and much local influence. East of the Jhelam the colonization of the Bar after the opening of the Lower Jhelam Canal has led to a great increase of population and a vast extension of the cultivated area, 71 p.c. of which is irrigated. The part of the district in the Jech Doab consists of the river valleys of the Chenab and Jhelam, the Utar, and the Bar. The Chenab riverain is poor, the Jhelam very fertile with good well irrigation. In the north of the district the Utar, a tract of older alluvium, lies between the present valley of the Jhelam and the Bar. It has hitherto been largely irrigated by public and private inundation canals, but this form of irrigation may be superseded by the excavation of a new distributary from the Lower Jhelam Canal. Till the opening of that canal the Bar was a vast grazing area with a little cultivation on scattered wells and in natural hollows. North of the Kirana Hill the soil is excellent and the country is now a sheet of cultivation. In the south of the Bar much of the land is too poor to be worth tillage. The Khushab _tahsil_ consists of the Jhelam riverain, the Salt Range with some fertile valleys hidden amid barren hills, the Mohar below the hills with a thirsty soil dependent on extremely precarious torrent floods, and the Thal, similar to that described on page 260. The rainfall of the district is scanty averaging eleven or twelve inches. The chief crops are wheat, _bajra_ and _jowar_, _chari_ and cotton. [Illustration: Fig. 109.] [Sidenote: Area, 28,652 sq. m. Cultd area, 9160 sq. m. Pop. 3,772,728; 78 p.c. M. Land Rev. Rs. 81,48,103 = L542,872.] The ~Multan~ division consists of the six districts of the S.W. Panjab, Montgomery, Lyallpur, Jhang, Multan, Muzaffargarh, and Dera Ghazi Khan. Muhammadans are in an overwhelming majority. Wheat and cotton are the chief crops. [Sidenote: Area, 4649 sq. m. Cultd area, 1080 sq. m. Pop. 535,299; 75 p.c. M. Land Rev. Rs. 434,563 = L28,971.] The ~Montgomery~ district takes its name from Sir Robert Montgomery (page 192). It lies in the Bari Doab between the Sutlej and the Ravi. It consists of the two Ravi _tahsils_ of Gugera and Montgomery, and the two Sutlej _tahsils_ of Dipalpur and Pakpattan. The trans-Ravi area of the Montgomery district was transferred to Lyallpur in April, 1913. It is included in the figures for area and population given in the margin.