The backbone of the district is a high and dry tract known as the Ganji or Bald Bar. The advent of the Lower Bari Doab Canal will entirely change the character of this desert. Its south-eastern boundary is a high bank marking the course of the old bed of the Bias. Below this is the wide Sutlej valley. The part beyond the influence of river floods depends largely on the Khanwah and Sohag Para inundation Canals. The Ravi valley to the north-west of the Bar is naturally fertile and has good well irrigation. But it has suffered much by the failure of the Ravi floods. [Illustration: Fig. 110.] The peasantry belongs largely to various tribes described vaguely as Jats. The most important are Kathias, Wattus, and Kharrals. The last gave trouble in 1857 and were severely punished. The Dipalpur Kambohs are much more hard-working than these semi-pastoral Jats. There is already a small canal colony on the Sohag Para Canals and arrangements for the colonization of the Ganji Bar are now in progress. [Sidenote: Area, 3156 sq. m. Cultd area, 2224 sq. m. Pop. 857,711; 61 p.c. M. 18 p.c. H. 17 p.c. S. 4 p.c. Ch.[13] Land Rev. Rs. 37,55,139 = L237,009.] The ~Lyallpur district~ occupies most of the Sandal Bar, which a quarter of a century ago was a desert producing scrub jungle and, if rains were favourable, excellent grass. It was the home of a few nomad graziers. The area of the district, which was formed in 1904 and added to from time to time, has been taken out of the Crown Waste of the Jhang and Montgomery districts on its colonization after the opening of the Lower Chenab Canal. Some old villages near the present borders of these two districts have been included. The colonization of the Sandal Bar has been noticed on pages 139-140. The figures for area and population given in the margin are for the district as it was before the addition of the trans-Ravi area of Montgomery. [Illustration: Fig. 111.] Lyallpur is divided into the four _tahsils_ of Lyallpur, Jaranwala, Samundri, and Toba Tek Singh. It consists almost entirely of a flat plain of fertile loam with fringes of poor land on the eastern, western, and southern edges. The cultivated area is practically all canal irrigated. The rainfall of 10 inches does not encourage dry cultivation. The chief crops are wheat, the oil seed called _toria_, cotton, and gram. The area of the first much exceeds that of the other three put together. There is an enormous export of wheat and oil seeds to Karachi. [Illustration: Fig. 112.] [Sidenote: Area, 3363 sq. m. Cultd area, 1214 sq. m. Pop. 515,526; 82 p.c. M. Land Rev. Rs. 11,67,965 = L77,864.]