~Muzaffargarh~ is with the exception of Kangra the biggest Panjab district. It forms a large triangle with its apex in the south at the junction of the Indus and Panjnad. On the west the Indus forms the boundary for 180 miles. On the east Muzaffargarh has a river boundary with Bahawalpur and Multan, but, where it marches with Jhang, is separated from it by the area which that district possesses in the Sind Sagar Doab. There are four _tahsils_, Leia, Sinanwan, Muzaffargarh, and Alipur, the first being equal in area to a moderately sized district. The greater part of Leia and Sinanwan is occupied by the Thal. The southern tongue of the Thal extends into the Muzaffargarh _tahsil_. The rest of that district is a heavily inundated or irrigated tract, the part above flood level being easily reached by inundation canals. Dry cultivation is impossible with a yearly rainfall of about six inches. The chief crop is wheat. In the south of the district the people live in frail grass huts, and when the floods are out transfer themselves and their scanty belongings to wooden platforms. [Illustration: Fig. 114.] [Sidenote: Area, 5325 sq. m. Cultd area, 1723 sq. m. Pop. 499,860; 88 p.c. M. Land Rev. Rs. 542,473 = L36,165.] ~Dera Ghazi Khan district.~--When the N. W. Frontier Province was separated from the Panjab, the older province retained all the trans-Indus country in which Biluches were the predominant tribe. The Panjab therefore kept Dera Ghazi Khan. It has a river frontage on the Indus about 230 miles in length and on the west is bounded by the Suliman Range, part of which is included within the district. The Deputy Commissioner of Dera Ghazi Khan and the Commissioner of Multan spend part of the hot weather at Fort Munro. The wide Indus valley is known as the Sindh. The tract between it and the Hills is the Pachadh. It is seamed by hill torrents, three of which, the Vehoa, the Sangarh, and the Kaha, have a thread of water even in the cold season. The heat in summer is extreme, and the _luh_, a moving current of hot air, claims its human victims from time to time. The cultivation in the Sindh depends on the river floods and inundation canals, helped by wells. In the Pachadh dams are built to divert the water of the torrents into embanked fields. The cultivated area is recorded as 1723 square miles, but this is enormously in excess of the cropped areas, for a very large part of the embanked area is often unsown. The encroachments of the Indus have enforced the transfer of the district headquarters from Dera Ghazi Khan to a new town at Choratta. Biluches are the dominant tribe both in numbers and political importance. They with few exceptions belong to one or other of the eight organized clans or tumans, Kasranis, Sori Lunds, Khosas, Lagharis, Tibbi Lunds, Gurchanis, Drishaks, and Mazaris. The most important clans are Mazaris, Lagharis, and Gurchanis. Care has been taken to uphold the authority of the chiefs. The Deputy Commissioner is