political officer for such of the independent Biluch tribes across the administrative frontier as are not included in the Biluchistan Agency. Regular troops have all been removed from the district. The peace of the borderland is maintained by a tribal militia under the command of a British officer. [Illustration: Fig. 115.] FOOTNOTES: [Footnote 8: Some estates lying to the east of the Jamna and belonging to the United Provinces have recently been added to the enclave.] [Footnote 9: H. = Hindu, M. = Muhammadan, S. = Sikh.] [Footnote 10: Not shown in map.] [Footnote 11: See page 169.] [Footnote 12: This leading tribe in the Panjab is known as Jat in the Hindi-speaking Eastern districts and as Jat elsewhere.] [Footnote 13: Ch.=Christian.] [Footnote 14: There is a project for improving the water-supply of inundation canals in the west of the district by building a weir across the Chenab below its junction with the Jhelam.] CHAPTER XXVI THE PANJAB NATIVE STATES 1. _The Phulkian States_ [Sidenote: Area, 7599 sq. m. Pop. 1,928,724. Rev. Rs. 118,00,000 = L786,666.] ~Phulkian States.~--The three Phulkian States of Patiala, Jind, and Nabha form a political agency under the Panjab Government. They occupy, with Bahawalpur and Hissar, the bulk of that great wedge of light loam and sand which Rajputana, physically considered, pushes northwards almost to the Sutlej. In the Phulkian States this consists of two tracts, the Powadh and the Jangal Des. The former, which occupies the north and north-east of their territory, possesses a light fertile loam soil and a very moderate natural water level, so that well irrigation is easy. The Jangal Des is a great tract of sandy loam and sand in the south-west. Water lies too deep for the profitable working of wells, but the harvests are far less insecure than one would suppose looking to the scantiness of the rainfall. The soil is wonderfully cool and drought-resisting. The dry cultivation consists of millets in the Autumn, and of gram and mixed crops of wheat or barley and gram in the Spring, harvest. The three states have rather more than a one-third share in the Sirhind Canal, their shares _inter se_ being Patiala 83.6, Nabha 8.8, and Jind 7.6. Portions of the Powadh and Jangal Des are irrigated. In the case of the Powadh there has been in some places over irrigation considering how near the surface the water table is. The Nirwana _tahsil_ in Patiala and the part of Jind which lies between Karnal and Rohtak is a bit of the Bangar tract of the south-eastern Panjab, with a strong loam soil and a naturally deep water level. The former receives irrigation from the Sirsa, and the latter from the Hansi, branch of the Western Jamna Canal. The outlying tracts to the south of Rohtak and Gurgaon, acquired after the Mutiny, are part of the dry sandy Rajputana desert, in which the _Kharif_ is the chief harvest, and the millets and gram the principal crops. In addition Patiala has an