The real founder of the Kapurthala house was Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia, who in 1763, when Sirhind fell, was the leading Sikh chief in the Panjab. He captured Kapurthala in 1771 and made it his headquarters, and died in 1783. A distant relative, Bagh Singh, succeeded. His successor, Fateh Singh, was a sworn brother of Ranjit Singh, with whom he exchanged turbans. But an alliance between the weak and the strong is not free from fears, and in 1826 Fateh Singh, who had large possessions south of the Sutlej, fled thither and asked the protection of the British Government. He returned however to Kapurthala in 1827, and the Maharaja never pushed matters with Fateh Singh to extremities. The latter died in 1836. His successor, Nihal Singh, was a timid man, and his failure to support the British in 1845 led to the loss of his Cis-Sutlej estates. In 1849 he took the English side and was given the title of Raja. Randhir Singh succeeded in 1852. His conspicuous services in the Mutiny were rewarded with the grant of estates in Oudh. The present Maharaja, Sir Jagatjit Singh Bahadur, G.C.S.I., is a grandson of Randhir Singh. He was a young child when he succeeded in 1877. The State maintains a battalion of infantry for imperial service. [Illustration: Fig. 119. Maharaja Sir Jagatjit Singh Bahadur, G.C.S.I.] [Sidenote: Area, 642 sq. m. Pop. 130,925. Rev. Rs. 11,50,000 = L76,666.] [Illustration: Fig. 120. Raja Brijindar Singh.] ~Faridkot~ is a small wedge of territory which almost divides the Ferozepore district in two. The population is composed of Sikhs 42-1/2, Hindus and Jains 29, and Musalmans 28-1/2 p.c. Sikh Jats are the strongest tribe. The country is flat. In the west it is very sandy, but in the east the soil is firmer and is irrigated in part by the Sirhind Canal. The Chief, like the Phulkians, is a Sidhu Barar Jat, and, though not a descendant of Phul, unites his line with the Phulkians further back. The present Raja, Brijindar Singh, is 17 years of age, and the State is managed by a Council of Regency. [Sidenote: Area, 168 sq.m. Pop. 55,915. Rev. Rs. 221,000 = L14,733.] ~Kalsia~ consists of a number of patches of territory in Ambala and an enclave in Ferozepore known as Chirak. The founder of the State was one of the Jats from the Panjab, who swept over Ambala after the capture of Sirhind in 1763, and carved out petty principalities, of which Kalsia is the only survivor (page 180). The capital is Chachrauli, eight or nine miles north-west of Jagadhri. The present Chief, Sardar Ravi Sher Singh, is a minor. 3. _The Muhammadan States_ [Sidenote: Area, 15,917 sq. m. Cultd area, 1853 sq. m. Pop. 780,641; 84 p.c. M. Rev. Rs. 35,00,000 = L233,333.]