~Afridis.~--The pass and the tract lying to the south of it including the Bazar valley and part of Tirah are the home of the six sections of the Pass Afridis, the most important being the Zakha Khel, whose winter home is in the Khaibar and the Bazar valley, a barren glen hemmed in by barren hills, the entrance to which is not far from Ali Masjid. Its elevation is 3000 to 4000 feet. The valleys in Tirah proper, where the Pass Afridis for the most part spend the summer, are two or three thousand feet higher. When the snow melts there is excellent pasturage. The climate is pleasant in summer, but bitterly cold in winter. The Bara river with its affluents drains the glens of Tirah. The Aka Khel Afridis, who have no share in the Pass allowances, own a good dear of land in the lower Bara valley and winter in the adjoining hills. The fighting strength of the above seven sections may be put at 21,000. When they have been able to unite they have shown themselves formidable enemies, for they are a strong and manly race, and they inhabit a very difficult country[17]. But the Afridi clan is torn by dissensions. Blood feuds divide house from house, and the sections are constantly at feud one with another. Apart from other causes of quarrel there is the standing division into two great factions, Gar and Samil, which prevails among Afridis and Orakzais. Afridis enlist freely in our regiments and in the Khaibar Rifles, and have proved themselves excellent soldiers. The eighth section of the Afridis, the Adam Khel, who hold the Kohat Pass and the adjoining hills, have very little connection with the rest of the clan. The Jowakis, against whom an expedition had to be sent in the cold weather of 1877-78, are a sub-section of the Adam Khel. [Illustration: Fig. 136. Khaibar Rifles.] ~Orakzais, Chamkannis, and Zaimukhts.~--The Orakzais, who in numbers are even stronger than the Pass and Aka Khel Afridis, occupy the south of Tirah, the Samana Range on the border of Kohat, and the valley of the Khanki river. The tribal territory extends westwards as far as the Khurmana, a tributary of the Kurram. The Orakzais do some trade and Sikh _banias_ and artizans are to be found in some of their villages. The clan is honey-combed with feuds. North-west of the Orakzais beyond the Khurmana are the Chamkannis, and on the south is a small tribe of vigorous mountaineers called Zaimukhts. One of these Zaimukhts, Sarwar Khan, nicknamed Chikai, was a notorious frontier robber, and a person of considerable importance on the border till his death in 1903.