~Hansi~ (~Hissar~), 29.7 N.--75.6 E. Headquarters of _tahsil_. Population 14,576. A very ancient town. In centre of canal tract of Hissar, and a local centre of the cotton trade. ~Hissar~, 29.1 N.--75.4 E. Headquarters of district. Population 17,162. Founded by the Emperor Firoz Shah Tughlak, who supplied it with water by a canal taken from the Jamna. This was the origin of the present Western Jamna Canal. Is now a place of small importance. ~Jagadhri~ (~Ambala~), 30.1 N.--77.2 E. Headquarters of _tahsil_. Population 12,045. Connected with the N.W. Railway by a light railway. The iron and brass ware of Jagadhri are well known. ~Kaithal~ (~Karnal~), 29.5 N.--76.2 E. Headquarters of subdivision and _tahsil_. Population 12,912. A town of great antiquity. Kaithal is a corruption of Kapisthala--the monkey town, a name still appropriate. Timur halted here on his march to Delhi. Was the headquarters of the Bhais of Kaithal, who held high rank among the Cis-Sutlej Sikh chiefs. Kaithal lapsed in 1843. ~Karnal~, 29.4 N.--76.6 E. Headquarters of district. Population 21,961. On Delhi--Kalka Railway. Till the Western Jamna Canal was realigned it was most unhealthy, and the Cantonment was given up in 1841 on this account. The health of the town is still unsatisfactory. Trade unimportant. ~Kasauli~ (~Ambala~), 30.5 N.--76.6 E. Small hill station overlooking Kalka. Height 6000 feet. The Pasteur Institute for the treatment of rabies is at Kasauli, and the Lawrence Military School at Sanawar, three miles off. ~Panipat~ (~Karnal~), 29.2 N.--76.6 E. Headquarters of _tahsil_. Population 26,342. On Delhi--Kalka Railway. An important place in Hindu and Muhammadan times (pages 172 and 179). Local manufactures, brass vessels, cutlery, and glass. ~Pihowa~ (~Karnal~), 29.6 N.--76.3 E. A very sacred place on the holy stream Sarusti. ~Rewari~ (~Gurgaon~), 28.1 N.--76.4 E. Headquarters of _tahsil_. Population 24,780. Junction of main line and Rewari--Bhatinda branch of Rajputana--Malwa Railway. Trade in grain and sugar with Rajputana. ~Rupar~ (~Ambala~), 30.6 N.--76.3 E. Headquarters of subdivision and _tahsil_. Population 6935. Exchange market for products of Hills and Plains. Headworks of Sirhind Canal are at Rupar. ~Sirsa~ (~Hissar~), 29.3 N.--75.2 E. Headquarters of subdivision and _tahsil_. Population 14,629. Sirsa or Sarsuti was an important place in Muhammadan times. Deserted in the great famine of 1783 it was refounded in 1838. On the Rewari--Bhatinda Branch of the Rajputana--Malwa Railway. Has a brisk trade with Rajputana. ~Thanesar~ (~Karnal~), 29.6 N.--76.5 E. See pages 165 and 168. Noted place of pilgrimage. Headquarters of a _tahsil_. Population 4719. The old Hindu temples were utterly destroyed apparently when Thanesar was sacked by Mahmud in 1014. There is a fine tomb of a Muhammadan Saint, Shekh Chilli. (_b_) _Jalandhar Division._ ~Aliwal~, 30.6 N.--75.4 E. Scene of Sir Harry Smith's victory over the Sikhs on 28th January, 1846.