~Leh~, 34.2 N.--77.5 E. Capital of Ladakh. On the Indus 11,500 feet above sea-level. The meeting place of caravans from India and Yarkand. The Central Asian caravans arrive in Autumn, when the _bazar_, in a wide street lined with poplars, becomes busy. The Wazir Wazarat has his headquarters here, and there is a small garrison in the mud fort. The old palace of the Gyalpo (King) is a large pile on a ridge overhanging the town. There are Moravian and Roman Catholic missions at Leh. ~Martand~, 33.4 N.--75.1 E. Remains of a remarkable temple of the Sun god three miles east of Islamabad (pages 166 and 201). ~Payer~ (erroneously ~Payech~). Nineteen miles from Srinagar containing a beautiful and well-preserved temple of the Sun god, dated variously from the fifth to the thirteenth century (page 202). ~Punch~, 33.4 N.--74.9 E. Capital of the _jagir_ of the Raja of Punch, a feudatory of the Kashmir State. 3300 feet above sea level. There is a brisk trade in grain and _ghi_. Decent roads connect Punch with Rawalpindi and Uri on the Jhelam. Cart Road into Kashmir. Kashmiris call the place Prunts and its old name was Parnotsa. ~Skardo~, 35.3 N.--75.6 E. Old capital of Baltistan. 7250 feet above sea-level. In a sandy basin lying on both sides of the Indus, and about five miles in width. A _tahsildar_ is stationed at Skardo. * * * * * TABLE I. _Tribes of Panjab (including Native States) and N.W.F. Province[1]._ ------------------------------+------------------------+---------------------------+------------------------- Landholding etc. | Traders | Artizans and menials | Impure Castes --------------+------+--------+--------+------+--------+-----------+------+--------+---------+------+-------- Tribe |Panjab|N.W.F.P.| Tribe |Panjab|N.W.F.P.| Tribe |Panjab|N.W.F.P.| Tribe |Panjab|N.W.F.P. | p.c. | p.c. | | p.c. | p.c. | | p.c. | p.c. | | p.c. | p.c. --------------+------+--------+--------+------+--------+-----------+------+--------+---------+------+-------- Jats | 20.5 | 3.9 | Aroras | 2.8 | 3.1 |Lohars and | | |Chuhra[8]| 5.1 | Rajputs | 6.8 | .7 | Khatris| 1.8 | 1.2 |Tarkhans[2]| 4.0 | 3.3 |Chamar[9]| 4.7 | Arains and | | | Banias | 1.7 | -- |Julahas[3] | 2.6 | 1.7 | | | Kambohs | 4.8 | -- | | | |Jhinwar and| | | | | Brahmans | 4.2 | .6 | | | | Machhi[4] | 2.6 | --- | | | Gujars | 2.5 | 5.2 | | | |Kumhar[5] | 2.3 | 1.0 | | | Biloch | 2.2 | 1.2 | | | |Nai[6] | 1.4 | 1.1 | | | Awan | 1.8 | 12.6 | | | |Teli[7] | 1.2 | .3 | | | Shekhs inc.