The Parthenon at Athens, Greece and at Nashville, Tennessee — John Shaqi
The Parthenon at Athens, Greece and at Nashville, TennesseeWilson, Benjamin Franklin
History
The Parthenon at Athens, Greece and at Nashville, Tennessee
Wilson, Benjamin Franklin
Parthenon (Art museum : Nashville, Tenn.); Parthenon (Athens, Greece)
In the west end of the Naos, twenty feet from the end columns and facing
the eastern doors, stood the Chryselephantine Statue of Athena, the
beautiful shrine of the temple, if historians of that day are to be
believed. The statue was forty feet high and reached within three feet
of the ceiling. It was made, as its name indicates, of gold and ivory.
The fleshy parts were carved ivory and the remainder were plates of gold
suspended on a framework of cedarwood. It was the masterpiece of Phidias
and was worth a king’s ransom.
When Theodosius II changed the Parthenon into a Christian church in the
fifth century he moved the statue of Athena to Byzantium, capital of the
Roman Empire, as it would have been incongruous to leave it in the
Parthenon after the change in religions. After the removal of the
Chryselephantine Statue its fate is shrouded in mystery. No part of it
and no authentic sketch, drawing, or model of it has ever been found.
[Illustration: Interior of Naos or East Room of Parthenon at
Nashville Showing the Ceiling and Plaster Casts of Elgin Marbles]
The Greeks entered the eastern doors at the hour of temple worship,
always in the early morning, bearing gifts of gold and silver and other
valuable articles. There they were met by the priests, who received the
gifts. While the worshipers paid their devotions to the goddess at her
shrine, the priests took the gifts through the great doors, thence along
the exterior corridors, through the western doors, and into the west
room where the gifts were deposited. This room is called the Maiden’s
Chamber or Treasury.
The west room is forty-four feet long and sixty-three feet wide. As in
the east room, its most striking feature is the columns. There are four
of these arranged in a rectangle sixteen by twenty-three feet in the
center of the room. The columns are Ionic in design and, unlike those of
the east room, are monoliths. They are forty-one feet high, six feet in
diameter at the base, and three and one-half feet in diameter at the
top. The decorations of the room are Ionic also, in contrast with those
of the east room.
The decorations of the Parthenon are all authenticated. Fragments of
them are preserved in the British Museum and in the Louvre, and some of
the colors still show, though dimly, on the protected parts of the ruin
at Athens. The decorations at the top of both the interior and exterior
architrave, above and between the capitals of the Doric columns are
technically known as guttae. The color decorations are principally in
shades of blue and red with some yellows. In the interior the colors are
found in the fret along the top of the architrave in the east room and
in the moldings around the ceilings of both rooms. The colors of the
exterior occur in the frets around the top of the cella walls, in the
ceiling of the corridors and porticos, and in the decorations of the
cornice.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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