66 : 16. Alans. See Jordanes, _History of the Goths_, Mierow translation. Procopius, writing about 550 A. D., says: “At this time the Alani and the Absagi were Christians and friends of the Romans of old and lived in the neighborhood of the Caucasus.” In his vol. III, chap. II, 2–8, we read of the period from 395–425 A. D. “There were many Gothic nations in earlier times just as also at the present, but the greatest and most important of all are the Goths, Vandals, Visigoths and Gepædes. In ancient times, however, they were named Sauromatæ and Melanchlæni, and there were some too who called these nations Getic. All these, while they are distinguished from one another by their names, as has been said, do not differ in anything else at all. For they all have white bodies and fair hair and are tall and handsome to look upon, and they use the same laws, and practise a common religion. For they are all of the Arian faith and have one language called ‘Gothic.’” (Procopius thinks they all came originally from one tribe, and were distinguished later by the names of those who led each group of old. They dwelt north of the Danube and later the Gepædes took possession of the portion south of the river. In regard to the derivation of the Goths and other tribes from the Sauromatæ, compare the note on Sarmatians, for p. 143 : 21.) As to the Goths in the Crimea see Zeuss, _Die Deutschen_, pp. 432 seq.; F. Kluge, _Geschichte der götischen Sprache_, pp. 515 _seq._ Crim-götisch existed as a language in southern Russia up to the 16th century. 66 : 23. Scythians. See the note to p. 214 : 10. 66: 24. Indo-European. The earliest known occurrence of this term is in an article in _The Quarterly Review_ for 1813, written by Doctor Thomas Young (no. XIX, p. 225). Indo-Germanic. This term, although said not to have been invented by Klaproth, was used by him as early as 1823. See Leo Meyer, in _Über den Ursprung der Namen Indo-Germanen, Semiten und Ugro-finner, Göttingergelehrte Nachrichten, philologisch-historische Klasse_, 1901, pp. 454 _seq._ 67 : 4. The idea of an Aryan race was first promulgated by Oscar Schrader in his _Sprachvergleichung und Urgeschichte_. That there was an original Aryan tongue but no Aryan race was the idea of Broca. Pösche identified the Aryans with the Reihengraber type. Consult also Penka, _Herkunft der Arier_ and _Origines Ariacæ_. 67 : 12. See Zaborowski, 1, pp. 1–10. 67 : 15. See the notes to p. 70: 22 _seq._ 67 : 19. See the notes to p. 242: 5. 68 : 11. See pp. 192–193 and elsewhere, in this book. CHAPTER VI. RACE AND LANGUAGE 69 : 10. See T. Rice Holmes, 2, pp. 185–199. The same thing may have happened in Britain at Cæsar’s conquest, and still more in the Saxon conquest. 70 : 4 _seq._ See p. 206 : 13 and note.