149 : 6. Haddon, 3, and Sergi, 4, p. 158; Ripley; Fleure and James; Peake; etc. 149 : 12. Peake, 2, p. 158. 149 : 21. On this point, Ripley, pp. 465 _seq._, quotes Von Dueben, Retzius, Arbo, Montelius, Barth, Zograf, Lebon, Olechnowicz, etc. 150 : 8. See the notes to p. 149. 150 : 12. See the notes to p. 257. 150 : 21. Beddoe, 4, and 3, pp. 384 _seq._, and Ripley, pp. 326, 328 _seq._ 150 : 24 seq. See the notes to p. 149. 150 : 29–151 : 3. A. Retzius, 1, 2; G. Retzius, 1, 2; Peake, 2, p. 158. Taylor, _Origin of the Aryans_, p. 101, says the Iberian type is not found in northern Europe east of Namur. In the British Isles, however, it extends to Caithness. 151 : 3 _seq._ See the notes to p. 149; Ripley, pp. 461–465; Sergi, 4, p. 252; Osborn, 1, p. 458. 151 : 18. Sir Harry Johnston, _passim_; G. Elliot Smith, 1, pp. 18, 30, 31, and chap. V. 151 : 22 _seq._ G. Elliot Smith, 1, p. 30. For a contrary opinion see Sergi, 4. 152 : 3. W. L. and P. L. Sclater, _The Geography of Mammals_, pp. 177 _seq._; Flower and Lydekker, _Mammals, Living and Extinct_, pp. 96–97. 152 : 6. Elliot Smith, 1, chap. IV and elsewhere; Sergi, 4, chap. III. 152 : 12. Negroes seem to have been unknown in Egypt and Nubia in pre-dynastic days and only appear in small numbers in the third and fourth dynasties, in the South. The great ruins on the Zambezi at Zimbabwe were probably the work of the Mediterranean race and are to be dated about 1000 B. C. In other words, all northeast Africa, including Nubia, the northern Sudan, the ancient Kingdom of Meroë at the junction of the Blue and White Niles, Abyssinia and the adjoining coast were originally part of the domain of the Mediterranean race. In the recent kingdom of the Mahdi, the predominant element was not Negro but Arab more or less mixed. 152 : 16. Sir Harry Johnston, _passim_; Ripley, pp. 387, 390; Hall, _Ancient History of the Near East_. 152 : 27. Sardinia. See Ripley and Von Luschan. A recent article by V. Giuffrida-Ruggeri, entitled “A Sketch of the Anthropology of Italy,” in the _Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland_, is well worth consideration. On pp. 91–92 the author gives a short sketch of the Sardinians and his authorities are to be found in a footnote on p. 91. 153 : 4. Albanians. See the notes to p. 163 : 19. 153 : 6 _seq._ Fleure and James, pp. 122 _seq._, 149; Beddoe, 4, pp. 25–26; Davis and Thurnam, especially p. 212; Boyd Dawkins, _Early Man in Britain_. 153 : 10. Scotland. See the notes to pp. 150 : 10 and 204 : 5. 153 : 14 _seq._ See the notes to p. 229 : 5–12.