158 : 22. Nordic Achæans. Ridgeway, 1, p. 683, says: “We found that a fair-haired race greater in stature than the melanochroous Ægean people had there [in Greece and the Ægean] been domiciled for long ages, and that fresh bodies of tall, fair-haired people from the shores of the northern ocean continually through the ages had kept pressing down into the southern peninsulas. From this it followed that the Achæans of Homer were one of these bodies of Celts [_i. e._, Nordics], who had made their way down into Greece and had become the masters of the indigenous race. “This conclusion we further tested by an examination of the distribution of the round shield, the practise of cremation, the use of the brooch and buckle, and finally the diffusion of iron in Europe, North Africa and western Asia. Our inductions showed that all four had made their way into Greece and the Ægean from Central Europe. Accordingly as they all appeared in Greece along with the Homeric Achæans, we inferred that the latter had brought them with them from central Europe.” Elsewhere, in the same book, Ridgeway identifies the Homeric age with the Achæan and Post-Mycenæan, the Mycenæan with the Pre-Achæan and Pelasgian. Bury, _The History of Greece_, p. 44, says: “The Achæans were a people of blond complexion, of Indo-European speech. Among the later Greeks, there were two marked types, distinguished by light and dark hair. The blond complexion was rarer and more prized. This is illustrated by the fact that women and fops used sometimes to dye their hair yellow or red, the κομης ξανθίσματα mentioned in the Danæ of Euripedes.” 159 : 4–5. Date of the siege of Troy. Hall, _Ancient History of the Near East_, p. 69, and many other authorities accept the Parian Chronicle, which makes it 1194–1184 B. C. For the whole question of the Trojan War see Félix Sartiaux, _Troie, La Guerre de Troie_. 159 : 6 _seq._ See the notes to p. 225 : 11. 159 : 10 _seq._ Bury, _History of Greece_, p. 44; DeLapouge, _Les sélections sociales_. Beddoe noted in his _Anthropological History of Europe_ that almost all of Homer’s heroes were blond or chestnut-haired as well as large and tall. There are many passages in the Iliad which refer to the blondness and size of the more important personages. 159 : 19 _seq._ Bury, _History of Greece_, pp. 57, 59, describes the Greek tribes which moved down before the Dorians, conquering the Achæans—the Thessalians, Bœotians, etc. But see Peake, 2, for Thessalians. Also D’Arbois de Jubainville, 4, t. II, p. 297, and Myers, _Anc. Hist._, pp. 127, 136 _seq._ 159 : 23. Dorians. See the authorities quoted above; also Ridgeway, Von Luschan, Deniker, 2, pp. 320–321, and Hawes.