192 : 1 _seq._ D’Arbois de Jubainville, 1, t. XIV, pp. 357–395; Feist, 5, p. 365. Col. W. R. Livermore, in correspondence, says that practically all students on the Celtiberian question agree upon the point where the Celts entered Spain, namely, that designated by de Jubainville. They passed along the Atlantic coast, across the Pyrenees, where the railroad from Paris to Madrid now crosses, about 500 B. C., between the time of Avienus, ± 525 and Herodotus, ± 443. In the time of Avienus the Ligurians had both ends of the Pyrenees from Ampurias to Bayonne, and controlled the sources of the Batis. In the time of Herodotus, the Gauls had the country up to the Curretes. See also Müllenhoff, _Deutsche Altertumskunde_, II, p. 238, and Deniker, 2, p. 321. D’Arbois de Jubainville, _op. cit._, especially pp. 363–364, says: “The name Celtiberian was adopted at the time of Hannibal, who entered Spain, married a Celt, and thus won the assistance of the Celts in his march on Rome.... The name Celtiberian is the generic term for designating the Celts established in the center of Spain, but the word is sometimes taken in a less extended sense to designate only one part of this important group.” 192 : 8. Sergi, 4, p. 70. See also p. 156 of this book. 192 : 14. See the note to p. 156, or Ridgeway, _The Early Age of Greece_, p. 375. 192 : 18. Ridgeway, _op. cit._, p. 375. This may refer to the veins showing blue through the fair Nordic skin. 192 : 18. Ridgeway, _op. cit._, p. 375. Here he says: “The Visigoths became the master race, and from them the Spanish Grandees, among whom fair hair is a common feature, derive their _sangre azul_. After a glorious struggle against the Saracens, which served to keep alive their martial ardor and thus brace up the ancient vigor of the race, from the 16th century onward the Visigothic wave seems to have exhausted its initial energy, and the aboriginal stratum has more and more come to the surface and has thus left Spain sapless and supine.” 102 : 22. Taylor, 2, pp. 308–309, says: “From the name of the same nation,—the Goths of Spain,—are derived curiously enough, two names, one implying extreme honor, the other extreme contempt. The Spanish noble, who boasts that the _sangre azul_ of the Goths runs in his veins with no admixture, calls himself an _hidalgo_, that is, a son of the Goth, as his proudest title.” A footnote to this reads: “The old etymology _Hijo d’algo_, son of someone, has been universally given up in favor of _hi’ d’al Go_, son of the Goth. (More correctly _hi’ del Go’_.) See a paper ‘On Oc and Oyl’ translated by Bishop Thirlwall, for the _Philological Museum_, vol. II, p. 337.” Taylor goes on to say, however, that the version _hi’ d’ algo_, son of someone, is still given as the origin of this word in R. Barcia’s _Primer Diccionaria Géneral Étimologico de la Lengua Español_.