A marked fibrinous exudate in the lower trachea with the formation of a pseudomembrane was noted by Oberndorfer (108), Lubarsch (19), Coray (28), Borst (15), and Schmorl (128). Schmorl studied the bacteria from the trachea and found in sections streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci, but not B. influenzæ or B. diphtheriæ. Footnote 4: Simmonds (131), Bernhardt and Meyer (19) note that perichondritis may be present, but do not give a detailed description of the lesion. Gruber and Schädel (50) found this perichondritis to be associated with abscess formation. Footnote 5: Two examples of fresh endocarditis are reported by Malloch (95) and one by Dietrich (34), all of which were due to B. influenzæ. Acute myocarditis was observed by Blanton and Irons (12) and Gruber and Schädel (50). Glaus and Fritzsche (47) report a case with multiple hemorrhages, necrosis, and leucocytic infiltration of the heart muscle and also one of Zenker’s degeneration of the myocardium. Cases of both myocarditis and endocarditis are included by Leichtenstern (82) in a review of the epidemic of 1889–1890. Footnote 6: The picture is not unlike that of the interstitial pneumonia after measles as described by MacCallum (93). Footnote 7: Pneumothorax as a complication following influenzal pneumonia is mentioned in association with marked emphysema in the epidemic of 1889–90 by Leichtenstern (82). It has been found by X-ray examination in two cases of interstitial emphysema by Berkley and Coffen (8) and also has occurred at Camp Dix according to the report of Synnot and Clark (143). Footnote 8: The rarity of empyema has been commented upon by LeCount (78) and Torry and Grosch (149). The condition was found in a small number of cases by Wegelin (156), Malloch (95), Lyon (90), Chickering (25), and Thomas (146), while Goodpasture (48) described it in eleven out of sixteen cases of streptococcus hemolyticus pneumonia. Footnote 9: Fibrinopurulent pericarditis has been described by Simmonds (131), Stone and Swift (138), Lyon (90), Fildes et al (40), Jaffé (66), Glaus and Fritzsche (47). Footnote 10: The types of consolidation described as having been encountered at the post-mortem table apparently vary somewhat with the locality and the interpretation of the observers. The lobar type has been frequently found by Opie et al (110), Wollstein and Goldbloom (164), Stone and Swift (138), and others. The pseudolobar pneumonia has been mentioned by Abrahams et al (2), Keegan (67), and Speares (135), while the peribronchial type has been well described by Hubschman, Glaus and Fritzsche (47), and MacCallum (92). Lobular pneumonia has been noted by all observers. The type of consolidation in this series has been tabulated in relation to the inflammatory reaction.