Transcriber's Notes. Hyphenation has been standardised. A number of different spellings have been retained, e.g. rubies/rubyes, encrusted/incrusted. THE PEARL [Illustration: H. M. QUEEN ALEXANDRA AND HER PEARLS] THE PEARL ITS STORY, ITS CHARM, AND ITS VALUE BY W. R. CATTELLE AUTHOR OF "PRECIOUS STONES" WITH SIXTEEN ILLUSTRATIONS [Illustration] PHILADELPHIA & LONDON J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY MDCCCCVII COPYRIGHT, 1907 BY J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY Published September, 1907 _Electrotyped and printed by J. B. Lippincott Company The Washington Square Press, Philadelphia, U. S. A._ NOTE In these pages the story of the pearl is told from its birth and growth under tropic seas, through the search for it by dark skinned divers of the Orient and its journeyings by the hands of men who traffic in precious things, until it becomes finally the cherished familiar of the great. Historical and traditional allusions, the sentiment and superstitions, the romance of ancient and noble associations, drawn to it through the ages, are garnered here and to them added the more prosaic facts which a merchant's experience suggests, to enable lovers of the dainty sea-gem to discriminate. The qualities which make some pearls of great value and the imperfections which render others less valuable are described in detail, that owners and buyers may appreciate at their true value the gems they have or would purchase and the market price of all kinds is given. Means for the detection of imitations are included. Long time has been given to microscopic research and though much remains to be learned of the genesis of the pearl, it is hoped that something of value has been added to the knowledge of Nature's wonderful and curious processes whereby through the humblest she makes a jewel fit to adorn the most beautiful of her creatures—woman. * * * * * My thanks are due Messrs. Combes & Van Roden of Philadelphia for the loan of the original photographs from which were made the reproductions of the portraits of Queen Alexandra, The Marchioness of Londonderry, Countess Torby and Princess Lazareff, which will, I trust, be of great interest to lovers of pearls: also to Mr. Ludwig Stross for much valuable information about Oriental pearl fisheries. W. R. C. CONTENTS PAGE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE DEEP BLUE SEA 13 A PEARL OF LEGEND 25 ANTIQUITY OF THE PEARL 39 THE FASHION OF PEARLS 69 VARIETIES 89 COLOR 101 IMPERFECTIONS 111 GENESIS OF THE PEARL 127 METHODS OF FISHING 177 HABITAT OF THE PEARL OYSTER 199