The pedigree of fascism : $b A popular essay on the Western philosophy of politicsLion, Aline
Philosophy
The pedigree of fascism : $b A popular essay on the Western philosophy of politics
Lion, Aline
Italy -- Politics and government -- 1914-1945; Partito nazionale fascista (Italy); Political science; State, The
The motto of Fascism is order and hierarchy. This is the necessary
consequence of its taking into consideration always the aim and its
actual realisation. If efficiency is to be ensured to any organisation
from the family upward it is evident that every member of it must play
his part in the way which is most likely to ensure efficiency. Yet
this notion of discipline is a trifle more modern than it sounds, at
least in Italy. Nothing can better illustrate it than the example of a
football Captain and his men. The boy who acts as Captain, let us say
John Smith, has no authority over his fellows, except when, ceasing to
be John Smith, he is Captain of the team, and while they are actually
playing, practising or arranging a game. His authority is not personal,
it is actual to the sport interests of the team, or the school they
represent, so that it is not demeaning to any of his team to accept
the dictates of his authority. Indeed the boys’ commonsense is strong
enough, in England at least, to make them realise an idea which they
would comprehend with great difficulty in its speculative form. To them
it is obvious that their Captain’s authority is as absolute as it is
actual and impersonal. He is Captain as long as he is an actual value,
as long as he is a factor of efficiency to the general play of his
side. His authority does not diminish one whit of the players’ liberty,
because the will of every single player is that his side should win,
and such identity is that which makes the actual reality both of the
team as an individual, or rather as a person, in the world of sport and
of the single players as members of that team. The Captain is entrusted
with the co-ordination of a number of wills, and their welding into
one in his own person, so that each boy freely wants what all want.
Divergencies are merely negative—as is constantly shown by the negative
scoring of sides in which first-rate men play without this unification
of their single wills.
Thus football comes to illustrate perfectly the most difficult of all
the Gentilian notions instinctively acted upon by people who will
never be able to read one line of Gentile’s works, the notion of
liberty taken as actual identification of each single will which is
liberty with the common will which is law. Again the boys’ commonsense
would find it as ridiculous to argue over their Captain’s orders when
playing, as to go on considering him as their superior when the game
is over, or when they have detected among themselves a better Captain.
Thereby they teach the world a deep truth, that is to say that no value
can be considered as static, and that its realisation being dynamic and
actual it cannot be achieved once for all, but is a continuous process
of developing one’s own efficiency.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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