The Penitente Moradas of AbiquiúAhlborn, Richard E.
History
The Penitente Moradas of Abiquiú
Ahlborn, Richard E.
Abiquiu (N.M.) -- Religious life and customs; Hermanos Penitentes -- New Mexico -- Abiquiu; Moradas -- New Mexico -- Abiquiu
A disturbing influence in the religious life of Abiquiú were
semi-Christianized servants _(genízaros)_, who had been ransomed from
the Indians by Spaniards.[20] Often used to establish frontier
settlements, _genízaros_ came to be a threat to the cultural stability
of Abiquiú. For example, in 1762, two _genízaros_ accused of
witchcraft were taken to Santa Cruz for judicial action. After the
trial, Governor Cachupín sent a detachment from Santa Fe to Abiquiú to
destroy an inscribed stone said to be a relic of black magic.[21]
Similar incidents with _genízaros_ during the next generation
prolonged the unstable religious pattern at Abiquiú. In 1766, an
Indian girl accused a _genízaro_ couple of killing the resident
priest, Fray Felix Ordoñez y Machado, by witchcraft.[22] And again in
1782 and 1786, charges of apostasy were entered against Abiquiú
_genízaros_.[23]
Another disturbing element in the religious history of Abiquiú was the
disinterest of her settlers in the building and furnishing of Santo
Tomás Mission. Although the structure was completed in the first
generation of settlement at Abiquiú, 1755 to 1776, Domínguez could
report only two contributions from colonists, both loans: "In this
room [sacristy] there is an ordinary table with a drawer and key ... a
loan from a settler called Juan Pablo Martin ... the chalice is in
three pieces, and one of them, for it is a loan by the settlers, is
used for a little shrine they have."[24] All mission equipment was
supplied by royal funds (_sínodos_) except some religious articles
provided by the resident missionary, Fray Fernández, who finished the
structure raised half way by his predecessor, Fray Juan José Toledo.
Both Franciscans found settlers busy with everyday problems of
survival and resentful when called on to labor for the mission. The
settlers not only failed to supply any objects, but when they were
required to work at the mission, all tools and equipment had to be
supplied to them.[25]
Despite these detrimental influences, the mission at Abiquiú continued
to grow. Between 1760 and 1793, the population increased from 733 to
1,363, making Abiquiú the third largest settlement in colonial New
Mexico north of Paso del Norte [Ciudad Juarez].[26] (Only Santa Cruz
with 1,650 and Santa Fe with 2,419 persons were larger.) In 1795, the
pueblo had maintained its size at 1,558, with Indians representing
less than 10 percent of the population.[27]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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