3. The report of the New York State Lunatic Asylum established at Utica, was made to the Legislature, February 1, 1849. During the six years since it was opened, it has had an annual average of 335 patients. The whole number under care during 1848, was 877, of whom 495 were removed at the end of the year. Judges of county courts have authority to send to the asylum any person who becomes insane and whose estate is insufficient for the support of himself and family; and the county is chargeable with the expenses of his restoration, if it is effected within the space of two years. Six hundred and twenty-nine of this class have been received into the institution since it was opened, and have thus been partakers of the most seasonable and appropriate charity which the public can bestow. These have been among the most hopeful subjects of hospital treatment, and would have suffered most for want of it. The hospital is lighted by 280 burners from gas manufactured on the premises. The expense of work, fixtures, &c., was $5,346 48,--and this mode of lighting, is regarded not only as safer and more secure and pleasant, but as cheaper than the former mode. The price of board and hospital care, to patients who are chargeable to towns or counties, is $2 per week. Pay patients are charged from $2 50 to $4 per week, according to the accommodations they receive. The receipts of the year fully meet the current expenses. Of 382 discharges during the year, 189 were men and 193 were women; 174 were cured, (viz., 87 men and 87 women,) and 84 were improved. There were 86 deaths. Some salutary cautions are given respecting the removal of distant patients to the hospital, especially in sudden and acute cases of insanity, and where they are in a weak or diseased state, and exposed to much suffering and fatigue on the journey. The opinion of a judicious physician should be taken before the attempt to remove them is made. Other and equally important cautions are given against delaying to send such as are clearly deranged, merely because they are monomaniacs, or not violent, nor very excitable. “Those cases of insanity that are most improperly and most frequently neglected and kept at home until they are incurable, are unattended by much excitement; those that come on very gradually, unperceived for a long time, excepting by the most intimate acquaintances,” (p. 20.) Of the whole number, (2,014,) 1017 were men, and 997 women; 1213 became insane before middle life, and 801 after that period. Of the 1017 men, 437 were farmers and 133 laborers, 57 merchants and 51 scholars; and of the 997 women, 853 were employed at house-work, or were without any special trade or employment; 45 were school girls; 30 tailoresses; 24 instructresses; 21 milliners; 16 mantua-makers; 7 factory-girls; and 1 music-teacher. As to their civil condition, 957 were single; 937 married; 83 widows; and 39 widowers. 1417 were natives of New York, and 300 were from foreign lands.