Footnote 186: Num. 22: 6. Footnote 187: 1 Sam. 17: 43. Footnote 188: Job 3: 1. Footnote 189: Prov. 15: 27; Isa. 5: 23; Amos 5: 12. Footnote 190: Neh. 5: 15. Footnote 191: _Cf._ Hab. 1: 13; Mark 12: 40. Footnote 192: Isa. 50: 2; 59: 1. Footnote 193: Prov. 13: 3; 21: 23. Footnote 194: _Cf._ Prov. 15: 17. Footnote 195: _Cf._ Prov. 21: 19. Footnote 196: _Cf._ Prov. 11: 22. Footnote 197: _Cf._ Prov. 25: 16. Footnote 198: In the Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly for July, 1906, page 163, Dr. E. W. G. Masterman, of Jerusalem, writes of unusual weather in May preceding. Speaking of a severe hail-storm in Urṭâs and Bethlehem, he quotes the local report among the peasantry which was that “each hailstone was the size of a pigeon’s egg and had St. George’s image pictured on it.” Footnote 199: Compare with the exclamation of this Christian, the Moslem attribution of uniqueness to God in the well-known formula. Footnote 200: See page 115. Footnote 201: טירה, see preface to Arabic and English Name List in Palestine Exploration Fund Memoirs. Footnote 202: Matt. 13: 44. Footnote 203: See page 17. CHAPTER XI THE VILLAGE AND THE OUTSIDE WORLD As one becomes acquainted with Palestine life to-day one is impressed with the submissive attitude of the villagers towards the city dwellers, especially towards the Moslem official class, _the effendîyeh_. But we are assured by those within whose lifetime the period falls, that half a century or more ago things were not so well ordered as now. For some years before that time, according to veracious writers, there was a state of internal turbulence in which the fellaḥîn were often in the ascendency and the city people glad to treat with them. In those days the walls of Jerusalem were of practical use in resisting the power of the country folk. Two great parties divided the allegiance of the villages. They were called Yemen and Ḳays. Headed by shaykhs and aided by Bedawîn, these partisan villages waged feuds and rendered commerce and travel precarious or impossible. Abu Ghôsh and his sons from their vantage of Ḳuryet el-‛Anab held much of the country in terror of his raids.[204] He levied toll on travelers and was too powerful to be curbed by the government, such as it was, at Jerusalem. ‛Abd er-Raḥman and other shaykhs held certain districts. The troops were few and the Turkish hold on the country weak. The province came near to a condition of anarchy. Every man did that which was right in his own eyes.[205] To this day any intelligent peasant will tell the inquirer which of the villages are of the Yemeny and which of the Ḳaysy party. The lines of division are still plain though the feuds are dormant. The Turkish government has strengthened its position in the interior affairs of Palestine steadily for forty or fifty years back. To-day there is not a