The village in its external relations. Attitude of Page 225. villagers to the city and city people, now and formerly. Administration of the village from the city. The peasant and the government, taxes, private and official settlement of disputes. Postal service, native and foreign, telegraph. Passage of news and rumor. Travel, hindrances, quarantines, coastwise shipping, railway travel, peasant travel, pilgrimage travel, Russian pilgrims and the peasantry, other European pilgrim parties, tourists, traveling passes, transference of parcels, baggage, money, banking, consular service, the desire of the natives to emigrate. CHAPTER XII Recent events. Effects of the revolution. Syrians and the Page 242. World War. Syrian ability. Schools and education. The new administration; certain functions and methods. Archæological interests. The Arabian problem. Arabia and its people, social customs, politics, poets, prophet and religion. ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE A SILOAM WOMAN, HER INFANT ON HER BACK AND PRODUCE ON _Frontispiece_ HER HEAD RIVER AUJA OF JAFFA 20 DONKEY AT THE THRESHING FLOOR WITH A LOAD OF WHEAT 28 WILD ANEMONES FROM WADY EL-KELB 32 A VINEYARD AT RÂM ALLÂH 36 RÂM ALLÂH MAN AND A BASKET OF OLIVES 38 STRETCH OF OLIVE TREES ON ROAD TO AYN SÎNYÂ 38 A BEDAWY HOUSE 42 BEDAWY DRINKING 42 PEASANTS ON WAY TO MARKET WITH PRODUCE 44 BEDAWIN HORSEMAN 44 WOMAN’S WORK 48 BRINGING HOME THE BRIDAL TROUSSEAU 54 GIRLS AT PLAY CARRYING HEADLOADS OF GRASS IN IMITATION 54 OF THE WOMEN WASHING A CHILD 58 A SWADDLED INFANT 58 THREE KINDS OF HOUSES—MUD, DRY-STONE, STONE-AND-MORTAR 68 HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS 76 BREAD-MAKING UTENSILS 82 IN A DOORYARD. WOMEN CLEANING WHEAT 94 ON TOP OF AN OVEN. WOMEN SIFTING WHEAT 94 POTTERY 114 ON THE WAY TO JERUSALEM. FOR THE NEBY MUSA PROCESSION 126 A NEBY MUSA CONTINGENT ARRIVING WITHIN THE JAFFA GATE, 126 JERUSALEM