Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
[62] The Kickapoo once tried a four-legged brass kettle instead of the
regulation three-legged iron one, but soon discarded it, having decided
that the tone was not right (this probably rationalizes some criticism
of their ostentation). The Caddo had a 10-marbled crock drum with a deer
skin head; the Oto, who have the kettle drum, sometimes use a crock, as
do the Omaha (Gilmore, _The Mescal Society_, 166; _Uses of Plants_). The
Delaware sometimes used otter skin instead of deer skin, with four bosses
tightened with a sharp stick or deer-horn (Harrington, _Religion and
Ceremony_, 188; Petrullo, _The Diabolic Root_, 50).
[63] Cf. the Mexican belief about the peyote under the gourd-resonator.
Such taboos in regard to drums are also Iroquoian I believe, and possibly
Southeastern.
[64] Skinner, _Societies of the Iowa_, 726; Densmore, _Winnebago Songs of
Peyote Ceremonies_.
[65] The Chickasaw beat on a wet deer skin tied over the mouth of a large
clay pot (Adair, _History_, 140). The Choctaw beat with one drumstick on
a deer skin stretched over an earthen pot or kettle (Swanton, _Social and
Religious Beliefs_, 222); they used the goat skin covered cypress knee
drum as well (Bushnell, _Choctaw_, 22), and also bear skin and deer skin
(Swanton, _op. cit._, 224). The Koasati older drum was deer skin over a
cypress knee, and later the small iron kettle (Paz, _Field Notes_). The
Taskigi Creek used a hollow vessel partly filled with water (Speck, _The
Creek Indians_, 137). The Yuchi, besides the log drum, had the pot drum,
containing water, about 18″ high; the hide was usually decorated with a
wheel-like design and the privilege of beating the drum was invested in a
certain individual (Speck, _Yuchi_, 61, cf. the Caddo, in some respects a
peripheral Southeastern group and who have the “crock” drum). The Catawba
and Quapaw also had the pot-drum (Speck, _Catawba Texts_; _Handbook of
the American Indian_, 2:335b). It is not known if the Tonkawa water-drum
is pre-peyote, but the Lipan pottery drum is late according to Opler. The
water-drum of the Southeast is continuous through the Antilles into South
America (Wissler, _The American Indian_, 154).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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