Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
[134] The prophecies and predictions of C. W. (Kickapoo president of the
Native American Church) on the basis of his visions have an old-time
flavor, though colored by Christianity and proselytizing for peyote: he
prophesied the “Judgment Day” and the “new world” to come; “it will be
too late to go in [the peyote tipi] when the time comes—you’ve got to
start now,” Kishkaton reports him as saying.
[135] _Handbook of the American Indians_, 1:65a, 309-10, 401-402, 650;
2:371a, 587a, 885-86. Cf. the elaborate Quichua and Aztec Messiah legends.
[136] Kroeber, _The Arapaho_, 403-404; Densmore, _The Peyote Cult_.
[137] Mooney (_The Mescal Plant_, 8) errs, we believe, in citing a Kiowa
midnight baptism.
[138] Kroeber, _The Arapaho_, 404.
[139] Petrullo, _The Diabolic Root_, 93; Harrington, _Religion and
Ceremonies_, 190; Skinner, _Societies of the Iowa_, 727; Voegelin,
_Shawnee Field Notes_; Hoebel, _Northern Cheyenne Field Notes_. “Baptism”
is Lipan also.
[140] Murie, _Pawnee Indian Societies_, 637; Radin, _A Sketch of the
Peyote Cult_, 3, 5; _The Winnebago Tribe_, 389; Densmore, _The Peyote
Cult_. It is said that “the peyote-eaters wanted to get baptized and
unite with the church in Winnebago, but the clergyman in charge would
not permit them, so they went and did their own baptizing through their
leader John Rave.”
[141] Some add cookies and candy. The use of sweet foods and the
sweetening of others recalls the eating of teo-nanacatl with honey,
and the eating of sweet-meats while smoking “grifos” or marihuana. See
Maillefert, _La Marihuana_, 6-7.
[142] Mopope (Kiowa) painted a special set of white enamel-ware vessels
for Kozad’s meetings: water-bucket (tipi and “water-bird”), parched-corn
pan (ear of corn and four-direction feathers), fruit-pan (thunderbird,
fruit within a crescent design) and meat-dish (cooking fire, buffalo
horns and sun design).
[143] A recurrence of an old custom ascribed to Sweet Medicine appears
in the Northern Cheyenne peyote breakfast, when an individual takes five
pieces of meat across the lodge to a visitor (Hoebel, _Northern Cheyenne
Field Notes_).
PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PEYOTISM
A descriptive account of a ritual pattern, however meticulously detailed
it be, must always fall short of reality unless supplemented by further
information regarding its functioning in terms of individuals. The older
descriptive ethnography and the newer interest in the dynamics of culture
are as necessary to each other as anatomy and physiology, of which,
indeed, they are the anthropological parallels. We accordingly embark
upon the somewhat anecdotal filling in of the pattern sketched in the
preceding section.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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