Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
The Winnebago explain that the exchange of gourd and drum between the
leader and his assistant when singing the set songs means that “God gives
power to Christ, in Heaven and earth,” just as the leader delegates his
authority. The blowing of the leader’s “flute” at the four points of the
compass is to announce the birth of Christ to the world, and later it
symbolizes the trumpet of the Day of Judgment, when Christ will appear
wearing the crown of glory (symbolized by the leader’s otter skin hat,
worn at this time).[10]
The Bible as an additional piece of peyote paraphernalia probably stems
from the Christianism of the Oto, who used it in their meetings, being
mentioned also for the Iowa, Omaha and Winnebago. The New Testament, and
particularly Revelations, is a favorite among the Rave cultists (Jesse
Clay’s followers do not use the Bible)—Crashing Thunder finding in it
authority for a hair-cut, and others discovering reasons after the fact
for holding their meetings at night. Three Old Testament texts are widely
known also:
And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire,
and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it.
(Exodus 12.8.)
And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall
keep it as a feast by an ordinance forever. (Exodus 12.14.)
For if the firstfruit be holy, the lump is also holy: and if
the root be holy, so are the branches.... Boast not against the
branches. But if thou boast, thou bearest not the root, but the
root thee. (Romans 11.16 and 18.)
Various other Biblical references appear in the ceremony. Among the Iowa
the leader carries the water himself in the morning to show his humility,
and because of Christ’s washing of feet mentioned in the Gospels. The
Winnebago equate the physiological action of peyote with Christ’s casting
out devils. A Comanche said suffering is caused by one’s sins and lack
of faith in peyote, and that point in the night when nausea is commonly
severest is called the “Dark Hour, the hour of the Crucifixion.” A
Kickapoo leader often cast his prophecies in Biblical language. A Kiowa,
again, appeared to have a belief about the first peyote found which
parallels the miraculous proliferation of the loaves and the fishes in
the Bible. Koshiway compared the Indians to the fishermen on the Sea of
Galilee, when Christ said “Peace, be still!” to the angry waves, just as
peyote says it to the storm-tossed Indians in this latter-day world. And
for the man who lives a good life, the ashes of the fire will open up
like the waters of the Red Sea, and he can pass through the fire to the
father peyote along the “Peyote Road” on the moon.[11]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account