Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
The tipi is entered any time after nightfall, with a preliminary
clockwise circuit outside as in the sweatbath (all circuits inside
must be clockwise also). Sometimes several line up behind the leader,
who prays briefly: “I am going into my place of worship. Be with us
tonight.” Entrance however is often informal and made one by one, before
the leader comes in with his rattle and staff in one hand, and his
paraphernalia-satchel[95] in the other; he sits west of the fire, which
has been started by the fireman, north of the door, who comes in first
of all. His drummer is south of him, to his right, his cedar-man (if
there is one) north and left. Others enter and informally take places,
but after he is seated they kneel on the right knee at the door for a
moment, looking to him for permission to enter and be assigned a place;
the sponsor meanwhile may call out, “Come in! So-and-so,” to these,
informally welcoming them. A tipi some twenty-five feet in diameter seats
thirty people comfortably. In summer the sides are raised to allow a
breeze to blow through.
At the west center, horns to the east, is the crescent altar[96] (piέtᴅω)
with a groove or “path” (ɢ’ωmhoṇ) along it from horn to horn, interrupted
by a flat space in the center where the “father peyote” is later to
rest on sprigs of sage. The “path” symbolizes man’s path from birth
(southern tip) to the crest of maturity and knowledge (at the place of
the peyote) and thence downward again to the ground through old age to
death (northern tip). The crescent, carefully shaped beforehand by the
fireman out of clayey earth, also represents the mountain range of the
origin story where sęmąyi or “Peyote Woman” first discovered the plant.
East of it in a shelving depression is a fire, constantly mended by the
“fire-chief” during the night to keep it in a worm-fence arrangement, the
closest approximation to the ritual crescent-shape possible with straight
sticks. The accumulating ashes are shaped with great care into another
crescent between fire and altar. A “smokestick”[97] is kept smoldering in
an east-west position close to the fire to light all cigarettes.
[Illustration: Fig. 2. Peyote paraphernalia. _Left to right_, Mescal bean
necklace; “peyote” necktie from a strip of trade-blanket with selvage
stripes, and bead-work representing peyote buttons; beaded and fringed
pheasant feather fan; black velvet, gold-fringed altar cloth; smokestick
carved with water bird, etc., eagle bone whistle; drumstick; peyote
buttons; corn husk cigarette “papers”; bundle of sage plumes; pile of
powdered cedar incense; a beaded, fringed, and carved drumstick; mescal
bean necklace.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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