Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
[72] The Mescalero are listed neither in Shonle (_Peyote: The Giver of
Visions_, 53-75) nor in Newberne and Burke, _Peyote_. Mescalero peyotism,
like Tarahumari, is on the decline.
[73] The Lipan make a smoke and pray when the first plant is found; they
are hard to find unless one eats one, then “a noise like the wind” comes,
and one by one the plants appear “just like stars.” Only the tops are cut
off.
[74] Though this was general in Mescalero ceremonialism, they also
controlled the weather thus, found lost objects, located the enemy,
etc.; a Chiricahua prayed for health, in the name of Yuan and Child of
the Water. The Lipan formerly did not use it for doctoring apparently.
The Tonkawa, according to Mooney, performed shamanistic tricks in
peyote meetings; and a Carrizo chief, for example, filled the tipi once
with down-feathers blown from his mouth, then sucked them all in save
one which he gave to a Lipan visitor. Others made a bear, turtle, and
buffalo, etc., appear.
[75] The Lipan wash themselves with yucca or soapweed and perfume
themselves with mint, and use the same kind of sage in meetings as they
wear in their hats against lightning. The Tonkawa wore G-string, leggings
and blanket, and preferably long hair and face paint; native perfumes
were proper but white men’s were forbidden. The Carrizo entered barefoot,
wearing only a G-string. Some Lipan fasted the day before.
[76] The Lipan leader “is supposed to stop all arguments in there; he has
to watch all the men.” Unlike the Mescalero, the Lipan staff and gourd
were passed around clockwise (both preceding the drum); the retention of
these by the leader is probably an aspect of his special authority among
the Mescalero, since the Lipan lacked the rasp, retained by the leader,
which might have been transmitted from Mexico. The Tonkawa sometimes used
a lard-can drum covered with buckskin, and passed the rattle (aberrantly)
after it; the leader never drummed.
[77] Some shamans trace a cross of pollen on the chief peyote. The
Tonkawa use the largest one they can find, put some red paint on the top,
and surround it with smaller buttons on a fine buckskin; they claimed to
be able to see far off with the aid of peyote and to detect witchcraft.
Some Lipan like the Mescalero put peyote buttons in a circle around the
fire pit and the chief peyote (cf. the Comanche placing of them in a sage
horseshoe west of the altar).
[78] The Lipan fire-tender, like the Carrizo and some Mexican groups,
made simply a fire-pit, with no crescent altar; this form originated with
the Mescalero or in northwestern Mexico, not around the lower Rio Grande.
The Carrizo, like the Tamaulipecan, held the ceremony in the open.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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