Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
We have now compared the basic Plains rite with that of Mexico and the
transitional Lipan-Mescalero. Yet an independent development of this
basic rite in the Plains and a multiform flowering of the cult there,
influenced by older cultural concepts of a different nature, necessitates
a discussion of more minute variants within the region. In other words,
we have determined in the previous section the major variations of the
peyote ceremony as aboriginally constituted, and now trace the fate of
the cult as it invaded a different cultural terrain and came under the
influence of other culture patterns, including the Christian.[1]
_Trip for Peyote._ A typical nine-day trip was made by the Cheyenne
in 1914 from Watonga, Oklahoma, to Laredo, Texas. Ten “peyote boys”
contributed the total cost of $61.85, and several suitcases full
of buttons were brought back (about 1,400 each); these were bought
from a White dealer in Laredo.[2] Another time a Southern Cheyenne,
then President of the Native American Church, brought back a special
trailer full of peyote from Romer, Texas. The northern Plains tribes
make infrequent pilgrimages for the plant, depending largely upon
supplies shipped from Texas or bought from Indians nearer the source.
One Wichita leader sold 40 acres of land to buy a car in which to make
a trip to Mousquis, his fourth or fifth such trip in about ten years.
An early Comanche party going for peyote in the Apache region had much
the character of a war journey; as described by Hoebel it involved a
clairvoyant discovery of the enemy, prophecy of the outcome, and a
horse-raid. Typically, however, the Kickapoo “chip in” money for peyote
pilgrimages, and precede this with prayers for the safe-keeping of the
travellers.
_Rite at Site._ The Lipan[3] say that
peyote is pretty hard to find when you are looking for it ...
a person who is not used to it doesn’t recognize it though he
is in the middle of a whole clump of peyote. Once he sees one,
another appears and so on until they all come out just like
stars. If you are having a hard time finding them you do this:
when you find just one by itself you eat it. When it takes
effect, when you get a little dizzy, you will hear a noise like
the wind from a certain direction. Go over there ... from the
place where the noise is coming you will get many peyote plants.
Mrs. Voegelin[4] reports an interesting Shawnee concept:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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