Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
You can get power by visiting the peyote patch in Texas, and
telling it at evening that you want help to cure people and get
medicine. You sprinkle tobacco there. The next morning, when
the Morning Star comes up, the person goes to the patch where
he put the tobacco and when he comes close he hears a rattler
rattling. If he has nerve enough to go over there, likely
he does not find a snake there, but just something to scare
him. If he does find a snake there, he grabs the rattlesnake
(which is coiled up on top of the medicine) and takes it off
and then he picks one peyote button from that place. Then he
goes to another bunch and picks another button.... Perhaps at
the fourth spot where he picks his fourth button, the snake
is there again and he must remove it.... Jim Clark related
this defying of a rattlesnake to the obtaining of another very
powerful herb in the old days.[5]
The typical Plains gathering ceremony has been described to the writer
for the Kiowa, Wichita, and Kickapoo: one sits west of the first peyote
found and makes a smoke-prayer before orienting the plant with a thorn or
mark that it may be properly used as a “father peyote” later; this first
plant shows the gatherer where to find more.
_Vowing of Meetings._ Spier has traced the pattern of “vowing” the Sun
Dance in the Plains and it is interesting to note the persistence of
this trait in the peyote ceremony. It is particularly a pattern of the
Algonquian-speaking peoples; but we have recorded it for the Kiowa and
Wichita as well as the Shawnee, Kickapoo, and Northern Cheyenne.[6]
_Time of Meetings._ Peyote meetings are generally held Saturday nights
so that the forenoon of the following Sunday may be spent relaxing and
talking under a “shade”; but the Comanche and Seminole sometimes set
theirs for Sunday night, following the White pattern for religious
meetings.[7] The Caddo, Tonkawa and Lipan often had four meetings on
successive nights, particularly for sick persons; the Caddo sometimes
mark four birthdays with meetings a year apart. Holiday meetings on
Easter, New Year’s, Thanksgiving and Christmas are common; an Arapaho
meeting was once held with a Christmas tree. Many tribes like the
Northern Cheyenne drink tea outside meetings, when practising songs or
“to sharpen one’s mind” when solving some particularly knotty personal
problem, but some groups maintain that it is forbidden to use peyote
outside meetings, for it would be useless then, even for doctoring.
The frequency of meetings throughout the year would be difficult to
ascertain, though there is no seasonal restriction as in Mexico; perhaps
one or two meetings a month in each tribe might be an average number when
the whole year is considered.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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