Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
_Gourd Rattles_. Rattles made of gourds (_Lagenaria_ spp.) have become
universal in the Plains since the spread of peyotism; but the Iowa had a
small gourd rattle with beaded handle in their Red Bean war bundle dance,
and the peripheral-Plains distribution of this trait in pre-peyote times
has been traced elsewhere. Some groups (Delaware, Osage, Ute, etc.) have
individual rattles for each participant.[58] A large one seen at Apache,
Oklahoma, made by Spotted Crow (Cheyenne) had drawn on it a moon with a
fire and a Morning Star in negative, together with the following “Jesus
talk:”[59]
Help me O Lord
My God O save me
According to thy Mercy
O God my heart is
fixed. I will sing
And give praise
Even with my glory.
A Wichita gourd was said by one informant to represent the world or sun;
the beads are “people talking” and the bead-work in general is “things on
the earth,” while the horse-hair tuft dyed red on the top represents the
rays of the rising sun. A Delaware gourd of Dr. Speck’s has bead-work on
its handle symbolizing morning (blue), fire (red) and a row of X X X’s
(the songs sun).[60]
_Drum._ The standard peyote drum, already described for the Kiowa, made
of a small iron kettle with seven bosses in the lacing, is found also
among the Arapaho, Comanche, Iowa, Cheyenne, Lipan, Pawnee, Ute, Shawnee,
Kickapoo, etc.[61] The Kickapoo say the seven marbles represent the days
of the week, just as the twelve eagle feathers of the fan symbolize the
twelve months of the year; the four coals which are dropped into the
water of the drum are lightning, the water rain and the drumming itself
thunder.[62]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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