The Phase Rule and Its ApplicationsFindlay, Alexander
Science
The Phase Rule and Its Applications
Findlay, Alexander
Chemistry, Physical and theoretical; Phase rule and equilibrium; Solution (Chemistry)
In this case, as in the case of those systems where the pure components are
deposited, a minimum freezing point is obtained. In the latter case,
however, there are two freezing-point curves which intersect at a eutectic
point; in the case where mixed crystals are formed there is only one
continuous curve. On one side of the minimum point the liquid phase
contains relatively more, on the other side relatively less, of the one
component than does the solid phase; while at the minimum point the
composition of the two phases is the same. At this point, therefore,
complete solidification or complete liquefaction will occur without change
of temperature, and the mixed crystals will accordingly exhibit a definite
melting point.
[Illustration: FIG. 52.]
{188}
Example.--As an example of this there may be taken the mixed crystals of
mercuric bromide and iodide.[273] Mercuric bromide melts at 236.5°, and
mercuric iodide at 255.4°. The mixed crystal of definite constant melting
point (minimum point) contains 59 mols. per cent. of mercuric bromide, the
melting point being 216.1°.
The numerical data are contained in the following table, and represented
graphically in Fig. 52:--
-----------------------------------------------------
Mols. per cent. of | |
HgBr_{2}. | Freezing point. | Melting point.
-----------------------------------------------------
100 | 236.5° | 236°
90 | 228.8° | 226°
80 | 222.2° | 219°
70 | 217.8° | 217°
65 | 216.6° | 216°
60 | 216.1° | 215.5°
55 | 216.3° | 216°
50 | 217.3° | 216°
40 | 221.1° | 218°
30 | 227.8° | 223°
20 | 236.2° | 231°
10 | 245.5° | 242°
0 | 255.4° | 254°
-----------------------------------------------------
[Illustration: FIG. 53.]
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