STEREOCHEMISTRY. By A. W. STEWART, D.Sc., Carnegie Research Fellow, Lecturer on Stereochemistry in University College, London. With 87 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 10s. 6d. RELATIONS BETWEEN CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. By SAMUEL SMILES, D.Sc. [_In preparation._ THERMODYNAMICS. By F. G. DONNAN, M.A., Ph.D. [_In preparation._ ACTINOCHEMISTRY. By C. E. K. MEES, D.Sc., and S. E. SHEPPARD, D.Sc. [_In preparation._ PRACTICAL SPECTROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS. By J. H. POLLOK, D.Sc. [_In preparation._ LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK, BOMBAY, AND CALCUTTA * * * * * THE PHASE RULE AND ITS APPLICATIONS BY ALEX. FINDLAY, M.A., PH.D., D.SC. Lecturer on Physical Chemistry, University of Birmingham With One Hundred and Thirty-Four Figures in the Text Third Impression Longmans, Green, and Co. 39 Paternoster Row, London New York, Bombay, and Calcutta 1908 All rights reserved DEDICATED TO FRANCIS ROBERT JAPP, LL.D., F.R.S. PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN, IN GRATITUDE FOR EARLY TRAINING AND ADVICE {vii} PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. During the two years which have elapsed since the first edition of this book appeared, the study of chemical equilibria has been prosecuted with considerable activity, and valuable additions have been made to our knowledge in several departments of this subject. In view of the scope of the present work, it has been, of course, impossible to incorporate all that has been done; but several new sections have been inserted, notably those on the study of basic salts; the interpretation of cooling curves, and the determination of the composition of solid phases without analysis; the equilibria between iron, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, which are of importance in connection with the processes occurring in the blast furnace; and the Phase Rule study of the ammonia-soda process. I have also incorporated a short section on the reciprocal salt-pair barium carbonate--potassium sulphate, which had been written for the German edition of this book by the late Professor W. Meyerhoffer. The section on the iron-carbon alloys, which in the first edition was somewhat unsatisfactory, has been rewritten. A. F. _September, 1906._ {viii} PREFACE