Consider, in the first place, the solutions represented by the curve P_{2}P_{1}. With the help of this curve we can state the conditions under which a solution, saturated for ammonium chloride, is obtained, after deposition of sodium bicarbonate. In the following table the composition of the solutions is given which are obtained with different initial amounts of sodium chloride and ammonium bicarbonate. The last two columns give the percentage amount of the sodium used, which is deposited as solid sodium bicarbonate (U_{Na}); and likewise the percentage amount of ammonium bicarbonate which is usefully converted into sodium bicarbonate, that is to say, the amount of the radical HCO_{3} deposited (U_{NH_{4}}):-- {324} ------+---------------------+ |Initial composition | |of the solutions: | |grams of salt to 1000| Point.|grams of water. | +------+--------------+ | NaCl | NH_{4}HCO_{3}| ------+------+--------------+ P_{2} | 479 | 295 | -- | 448 | 360 | -- | 417 | 431 | P_{1} | 397 | 496 | ------+------+--------------+ [Transcriber's note: table continued below...] +----------------------------------+---------+---------- | | | |Composition of solutions obtained:| | |gram-equivalents per 1000 grams |U_{Na} |U_{NH_{4}} |of water. |per cent.|per cent. +----------+------+------+---------+ | | HCO_{3} | Cl | Na | NH_{4} | | +----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------- | 0.18 | 8.17 | 4.62 | 3.73 | 43.4 | 95.1 | 0.31 | 7.65 | 3.39 | 4.56 | 55.7 | 93.4 | 0.51 | 7.13 | 2.19 | 5.45 | 69.2 | 90.5 | 0.92 | 6.79 | 1.44 | 6.28 | 78.8 | 85.1 +----------+------+------+---------+---------+---------- This table shows that the greater the excess of sodium chloride, the greater is the percentage utilization of ammonia (Point P_{2}); and the more the amount of sodium chloride decreases, the greater is the percentage amount of sodium chloride converted into bicarbonate. In the latter case, however, the percentage utilization of the ammonium bicarbonate decreases; that is to say, less sodium bicarbonate is deposited, or more of it remains in solution. Consider, in the same manner, the relations for solutions represented by the curve P_{2}IV, which gives the composition of solutions saturated with respect to sodium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate. In this case we obtain the following results:--