[14] In New Spain, the hot and fertile regions along the coast, having an elevation of seldom more than 1,000 feet, are called _Tierras calientes_ ("regions of heat"). On the declivity of the Cordilleras, at an elevation of 4,000 to 5,000 feet, there reigns perpetually a soft spring temperature, which never varies more than 10° Fahr. The natives give to this region the name of _Tierras templadas_ ("temperate country"), in which the mean heat of the whole year is about 70° Fahr. The plains elevated more than 7,000 feet above the sea level are called _Tierras frías_ ("cold regions"), where the mean temperature is under 62° Fahr. See Humboldt's _New Spain_ (Black's trans.), i, pp. 64-67. The name Tierra Firme was applied not only to the northern part of the South American continent, but to a definite region which extended from the middle of the Gulf of Darien to Cape Gracias á Dios. It was at first called Darien, and Castilla del Oro. [15] Span., _de no aver pies ni cabeza_, "as he had neither feet nor head." [16] Cauchi is a phonetic form of Kuchi, the Malay appellation of the region known in recent years as Cochin-China, now a part of French Indo-China. Camboja is a better form of the name usually written Cambodia, also a part of French Indo-China; Sian is but a variant of Siam. Patani and Pahang are Malayan states on the eastern side of the Malay Peninsula. Jabas is a corruption of Jawa (now commonly written Java), the name of the principal nation inhabiting the island--the most civilized and moral of the Malayan peoples. Samatra is only a variant of Sumatra--the largest island, next to Borneo, of the Malayan archipelago. Achin (or Achen) and Mânangkabo (Manancabo) are states in the island of Sumatra; and Batachina evidently means "land of the Bataks," a tribe of cannibals dwelling near Achin. See Crawfurd's _Dictionary_ for valuable information regarding all these regions. [17] The three great military orders then vested in the crown of Spain--those of Santiago, Alcántara, and Calatrava. [18] The order of Friars Minors (_Fratres Minores_), better known as Franciscans, was founded (1208) by St. Francis of Assisi. [19] _Mestizo_: the offspring of a white man and an Indian woman, or of an Indian man and a white woman--of course, almost entirely the former. See interesting notes on this subject by Retana, in his _Zúñiga_, ii, pp. 525*, 526*.