[21] For account of Sanchez's embassy, and of his instructions, see the "Memorial" adopted by the junta of 1586, with accompanying documents, in _Vol_. VI. [22] Regarding the rates thus levied, see _Vol_. V, pp. 29, 30. [23] This last sentence is literally translated from the MS which we follow; but there is evidently a defect or error in the text--probably arising from some mistake made by the first copyist, as the MS. is not the first original, but a copy made apparently by some government clerk. [24] For the text of this decree, see p. 137, _ante_. [25] With this document cf., throughout, the "Relation" by Miguel de Loarca, in _Vol_. V of this series. [26] Juan de Plasencia, who entered the Franciscan order in early youth, came to the Philippine Islands as one of the first missionaries of that order, in 1577. He was distinguished, in his labors among the natives, for gathering the converts into reductions (villages in which they dwelt apart from the heathen, and under the special care of the missionaries), for establishing numerous primary schools, for his linguistic abilities--being one of the first to form a grammar and vocabulary of the Tagal language--and for the ethnological researches embodied in the memoir which is presented in our text. He died at Lilio, in the province of La Laguna, in 1590. See account of his life in Santa Inés's _Crónica_, i, pp. 512-522; and of his writings, _Id_., ii, pp. 590, 591. [27] The betel-nut; see _Vol_. IV, p. 222. [28] The Aetas, or Negritos, were the primitive inhabitants of the Philippine Islands; but their origin is not certainly known. It is perhaps most probable that they came from Papua or New Guinea. For various opinions on this point, see Zúñiga's _Estadismo_ (Retana's ed.), i, pp. 422-429; Delgado's _Historia general_, part i, lib. iii, cap. i; and _Report_ of U.S. Philippine Commission, 1900, iii, pp. 333-335. Invasions of the islands by Indonesian tribes, of superior strength and culture, drove the Negritos into the forest and mountain regions of the islands where they dwelt; they still remain there, in a state of barbarism, but in gradually decreasing numbers. See the _Report_ above cited (pp. 347-351), for habitat and physical characteristics of this race. [29] For much curious and interesting information regarding these superstitions, beliefs in demons, etc., see Blumentritt's "_Diccionario mitológico_," in Retana's _Archivo_, ii, pp. 345-454. [30] This paragraph is a quite literal translation of the clause therein mentioned; the latter (in Portuguese) is at the end of the original MS. of this document. [31] This was the Cardinal Archduke Albert of Austria, nephew of Felipe II, who in 1583 appointed Albert viceroy of Portugal. In that post he remained until 1594, when he was removed to the archiepiscopal see of Toledo.