the presidents and auditors of my royal audiencias of the Yndias, and all other magistrates therein, that they observe and fulfil this our decree, strictly, inviolably, and punctually; and that they execute the penalties contained herein without any remission or dispensation whatever, as is thus my will, and as is fitting for my service. They shall promulgate it in all places where this shall be necessary and desirable, so that all may have notice of it, and none may plead ignorance. Given in Madrid, February eleven, one thousand five hundred and ninety-three. [53] _I The King_ Bibliographical Data The papal decree of 1591 is taken from Hernaez's _Coleccion de bulas_, i, p. 108; the account of encomiendas, from Retana's _Archivo del bibliófilo filipino_, iv, pp. 41-111; the letter by Clement VIII, from Hernaez, ii, p. 357. All the remaining documents of this volume are obtained from the Archivo general de Indias, Sevilla, being translated from the original MSS. or from transcriptions thereof; the pressmarks are as follows: 1. _Collection of tributes_ (1591)--See Bibliographical Data for _Vol_. VII. 2. _Conquest of Mindanao_.--"Simancas--Secular; Audiencia de Filipinas; cartas y expedientes del cabildo secular de Manila vistos en el Consejo; años 1570 á 1640; est 67, caj. 6, leg. 27." 3. _Ordinance regarding Chinese stuffs_.--"Simancas--Secular; Audiencia de Filipinas; cartas y expedientes del gobernador de Filipinas vistos en el Consejo; años 1567 á 1599; est. 67, caj. 6, leg. 6." 4. _Letter by Dasmariñas_ (1591).--The same as No. 3. 5. _Fortification of Manila_--The same as No. 3. 6. _Investigations at Manila_--"Simancas--Filipinas; descubrimientos, descripciones y poblaciones de las Yslas Filipinas; años 1582 a 1606; est. 1, caj. 1, leg. 3|29." 7. _Opinions of the religious orders_.--"Simancas--Secular; Cartas y expedientes del presidente y oidores de dicha Audiencia vistos en el Consejo; años 1583 á 1599; est. 67, caj. 6, leg. 18." 8. _Letters from Dasmariñas_ (1592); also all the remaining documents of that year.--The same as No. 7. 9. _Letter from Felipe II_ (1593).--"Audiencia de Filipinas; registros de oficio y partes: reales ordenes dirigidas á las autoridades y particulares del distrito de la Audiencia; años de 1568 á 1605; est. 105, caj. 2, leg. 11." 10. _Two royal decrees_.--(1) Is a part of No. 9; (2) The same as No. 6. NOTES [1] Referring to the _Historia natural y moral de las Indias_ (Sevilla, 1590) of Joseph de Acosta (1540-1600), a noted Jesuit writer. Markham's translation of this interesting work forms nos. 60 and 61 of the Hakluyt Society's publications (London, 1880). [2] Evidently a reference to the convent of the Augustinians. [3] Spanish _obispo de anillo_, literally, "bishop with a ring;" the same as a bishop _in partibus infidelium_. This means a titular bishop of the Roman Catholic church whose territory is occupied by infidels, so that he cannot reside there.